Output Frequency (sync to mains) 47 - 53 Hz For 50 Hz nominal Sync to mains, 57 - 63 Hz For 60 Hz nominal Sync to mains. With experience, one can accurately determine state of charge using a voltmeter. Secondly pulling voltage down to less than 50% remaining capacity permanently devalues the battery. I sent him a link to your chart and told him to call Magnum tech support to learn to tweak the meter. Most alternative-energy systems are designed to keep the battery bank at least 50% or higher. This works find but what does not work find knowing what I know now, is that the battery bank never reaches not even 70% SOC before it reaches 26V again while solar charging. When batteries are in series they do not necessarily charge at the same rate and can become imbalanced. Need a battery charger? Off-grid. sheet listings (vicinity of room temperature). Privacy Policy Saw this as I was looking for a SG to SOC chart and thought I would make a couple of comments. If the battery voltage is displaying a negative value, then the probes are on the wrong posts NOTE: Voltage is nominal only. Went 8 days without using the generator and now well into my next 8 days. Input. Yes it will over charge the higher charged batteries, which is why the equalizing charge is only applied for a short time, however if the system uses a single battery equalization is not required and can be detrimental. victor from NIGERIA, Hi I’m Tommy from Indian wells golf resort in California, i have a fleet of 160, they get used alot in season, now its summer we are slow, i have them in rotation, always have, when a certain section stays in for 2 days the battery percentage on the gps units will be 100%, a day or 2 later drops down to 85 to 80% or lower because they haven’t been used, is that good for the battery? @OJ, Generally speaking, yes. Baby those batteries for longest life. Ive had when rebuilt 12v it stayed at 12.90 13.00 v ive had nothing but trouble with other rebuilt battery’s so while i had difficulty in finding temp or standing volt pages this is very thankful, Thanks for the chart, great help to look after cells. My other set up has about 750 watts of poly panels, run through a xantrex 30 amp charge controller charging a trojan 12 volt golf cart battery. There are several ways to determine a battery’s SOC. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. 3.2.1 TBP battery ratings are defined by a series of specifications: 3.2.1.1 The One-Hour Rate This is the rate of discharge (current, A) a battery can endure for one hour with the battery voltage at or above 1.67 volts per cell, which is 10V for a 12V battery or 20V for a 24V battery. Equalizing is an overcharge performed on flooded lead acid batteries after they have been fully charged. That is, when the deep cycle battery isn’t under load and hasn’t been under load for a few hours. 24V = 12 x 2.5VPC = 30V 48V = 24 x 2.5VPC = 60V – This is the voltage that is read with a voltmeter or multimeter when the module is not connected to any load. The voltage will be highest when the battery is fully charged and lowest when it is empty. Very good topic. Wire Length Table 24V Power Required The recommended maximum distances for 24volts, ac or dc, is the cell below the wire size, adjacent to watts (VA) or required current. SYSTEM VOLTAGE 12V 24V 36V 48V Stop Termination Voltage 14.2V – 14.6V 28.4V - 29.2V 42.6V - 43.8V 56.8V - 58.4V CC-CV Charge Profile – 2 Stage 2-STEP CHARGE DESCRIPTION STEPS DESCRIPTION CHARGE PARAMETERS Step 1 - Charge at a constant current until the battery reaches absorption voltage. Operating voltage for a 24 V system is between 21 – 28 V. Installing a low voltage battery alarm can save your bacon. Only 9 left in stock. Here are extrapolated numbers for a 36v system. So between 50F and 80F could have a 10% difference in charge state. The meters that you can get that take their info from the inverter or in the case of Midnite Solar from the charge controller are more accurate because they temperature compensate but they need fine-tuning as well. Just thought it might be helpful to add that one tool I’ve found useful is the little floating balls thing for checking individual cell status in lead acid batteries. Measuring and knowing the SOC of a battery or battery-bank is useful when applying towards alternative energy, or any other situation where you need to know its condition. Just yesterday a customer called because his inverter shut down at 23 volts, a definite low battery but the SOC meter claimed he was at 81% full. I have 4 100 ah sla AGM batteries in series/parallel for 24 volt and warned to make I didn’t discharge them less than 80% is night time my solar charge controller is done for today,so I can’t start charging back up till the AM. The above chart gives an indication of what the voltage should be at different states of charge and operating conditions. I guess my question is do I need to do this since the wally world batteries always seem to be in good shape as per hydrometer readings? To eliminate these external factors, turn off all loads and disconnect the solar array to allow the battery voltage to stabilize. Voltages and Specific Gravity are listed for a 6-volt or 12-volt battery, and battery banks of 24 and 48 volts. I can’t believe the difference. The reason I ask is: I have 90 watts of harbor freight panels, run thru a sunsaver controller that charges 2 wally world deep cycle batteries and the gravity has almost never been below the green level, and I never really have had to add much water. While charging, a lower temperature will increase battery voltage. Number of Power Cords. I built an off-grid system for my home and have expanded and maintained it myself over the years, so that is my knowledge base. a single 12 volt battery consists of 6x2v cells in series and will indeed benefit from equalisation.With a wet cell battery this is easily demonstrated using a specific gravity tester. The plates may have become heavily sulfated enough that the equalize mode can’t get it all off into solution. conditions in flooded cell lead-acid batteries. If the manufacturer makes recommendations for wire sizes, use them instead of this table. I don’t have to wake up to pull starting my gen set each morning. My shunt meter says the batteries are at 91%. Capable of reaching over 5000 cycles, The SB24300 can be re-charged thousands of times providing 100% DOD (depth of discharge) The Smart Battery SB24300 is perfect for Solar, Marine, RV and commercial applications. The CHARGEX® 24V 300AH Deep Cycle Lithium Ion Battery offers state of the art technology "Lithium Iron Phosphate" the safest and most robust lithium chemistry. I am using a trace C12 solar charge controller. Thanks. 60% 36.72 Just bear in mind the caveats listed above. I realize now I was really punishing them… Is it advisable to charge it went using, considering the life span of the battery, the battery will be running a 12v 3hp Dc motor. Chart of Battery State of Charge Please make sure that when charging batteries at your shop to use the chart below. Depth of discharge is a very important calculation you should make when choosing the size of a deep cycle battery. Get it by Monday, Jan 4. The table below shows the voltage and approximate state of charge for each type of battery. So, how come my car starts with a battery voltage of 11.5 volts? The chart is listed below. This translates to probably around 2 – 4 amps an hour under normal usage as your laptop won’t be using the full amount at all times. Specifically for series batteries. If you’re the owner of a mobile or off grid solar power system, one of the most obsessive pastimes is determining how much charge you have left in your deep cycle battery bank. However for many batteries this is difficult or impossible (AGM batteries, for example). Contact Us Waveform type. I found on ebay a 9$usd 12V 24V 36V 48V Battery Charge Automatic Charging Controller Protection Module We have have a guide on those as well! System Voltage: Charger Voltage Setting: 12v: 24v: 36v: 48v: Absorption/Bulk Charge: 14.4: 28.8: 43.2: 57.6: Float Charge: 13.5: 27.0: 40.5: 54.0 . Voltage varies with temperature. Battery voltage reacts highly to charging and discharging. For example a 24 Volt battery pack made with two 12V 10Ah batteries will have half the run time as a 48 Volt battery pack made with four 12V 10Ah batteries if both battery packs are running a controller and motor with the same Watts rating. So if you have a 100 AH battery, consider the cut-off discharge depth being 50 AH. 90% 37.86 Proper charging is imperative to maximize battery performance. General rule of thumb: the less your deep cycle battery discharges before recharge, the longer it will last. Charge voltages will be elevated by as much as 0.5 VDC for a cold 12 Volt lead-acid battery. by Ken Jorgustin | Dec 19, 2019 | 27 comments. 20% 34.98 See your battery manufacturer recommendations regarding charging. CANADA - Select your location. So, based on the lower end: 100 AH battery = 50 AH available capacity/2 amp draw = 25 hours usage. Operating voltage for a 12 V system is between 10.5- 14 V with. I just wanted to let you know good work on the chart and description. Battery depth of discharge . I researched as many battery manufacturers that I could find regarding their own published SOC data. With experience, one can accurately determine state of charge using a voltmeter. Your 13.2 reading is quite good. Here is a chart from MK Battery showing different levels of charge for flooded lead-acid and sealed batteries – open circuit voltage. What is the state of charge of the following specific gravity:1.287, 1.243, 1.128, 1.200, and 1.135 reading from Hydrometer? More is always better. A Sonnenschein Solar Bloc 100 AH Gel Battery discharged to a depth of 70%, i.e. Will the voltage reading be the same if I use 3 12v batteries or 6 6v batteries? But please read through the caveats in the article. If the gravity of each cell stays relatively the same (usually all in the green) does that mean that I don’t need to equalize that battery? For proper charging, refer to the instructions that came with your equipment. It has been keeping my lead acid battery at 13.2 volts, this is at the minimum “HVD” setting. 100% 38.19 Load Crest Factor. 5.0 out of 5 stars 2. with only 30% or 30 Ah (amp hours) remaining, will have a lifespan of around 1200 cycles, which is quite impressive. Otherwise voltage values can fluctuate based on whether the battery is being charged or discharged. Many (most) alt-energy systems incorporate a DC-shunt which keeps track of SOC by monitoring the current flow in and out of the battery or battery bank, which is a very accurate way to track state-of-charge. SUPPORT MSB at no extra cost to you: pls, I want to ask… I have a project I’m working on which will run concurrently on battery (12v 200ah deep circle battery). Fully charged 24v lead acid battery voltage? The ‘State Of Charge’ (SOC) of a battery is a measurement of how much energy is remaining (percent). Equalising charge is to equalise at the level of cells, rather than batteries i.e. If you want to limit your losses to 2% simply divide the distance by 2.5. (that’s another story…). A fully charged car battery voltage should be 12.6v or above, this is with the engine off. If a cycle is a day, that adds over 1.25 years to the life of the battery. Some were slightly different from each-other with regards to their SOC values. So thanks for the chart good information. As an example, the diagram below compares the discharge curves between a lead battery and a Lithium-Ion battery. The battery life is determined by the Voltage of the pack and the Ah rating of the batteries in the pack. Car Battery Voltage Chart. My last set of batteries I let go down to 38 volts before charging. This is referred to as the battery open circuit voltage. The peak charging voltage for Gel batteries is 2.3 to 2.36 volts per cell, and for a 24 volt charger this works out to 27.6 to 28.3 volts, which is lower than a wet or AGM type battery needs for a full charge. Note: For best accuracy when measuring battery voltage, the battery must be in ‘open circuit’ condition (at rest, or ‘resting’). Note: The figures are based on open circuit readings. It’s likely to be somewhere between the 3 and 5 amp mark. Advertise However I averaged all of them together to come up with a chart which represents what I believe to be a good GENERAL indication. Set the low on voltage We recommend you don't let the battery fall below an average of 2.5v/cell, which for a 12-cell battery is 30 volts. I have 4x6v gc2 golf cart batteries in series and I get 25.21v under 5a load at 24v. Thanks again! As a battery is charged the indicated voltage increases and, as discharging occurs, the indicated voltage decreases. Note: The 100% voltage is NOT the recommended charging voltage (which will be higher, and multi-stage). That’s the specific gravity tool the article talks about. That powers a flat screen TV, charges laptops etc. The wire sizing guide below provides the minimum wire size needed to limit voltage drops to 5% at a given distance in a 12V or 24V system. Depth of discharge, also known as DOD, shouldn’t be any more than 50% in most deep cycle batteries in order to get the best value for money. So, the best time to take the reading is early in the morning before the sun hits your panels, in the evening as the sun is setting, or when it’s very overcast. The batteries are 3 years old costco interstates. BACK TO TOP: Equalizing . The meters on the other hand can get way off. Note: Battery voltages are temperature dependent. (This article has been updated since its original publish). It would be nice to have a 10a under load voltage chart too. In a 24 system you have to multiply by two, which gives 27.6V. The Trojan sounds like it is getting old, and needs more frequent watering and equalizing to keep it functioning. First the function of equalizing is just as the name implies. My numbers came from averaging the voltage lists from various manufacturers (each of which were fairly close to each other). Charger Voltage Settings for Deep-Cycle Flooded or Wet Cell Batteries. 1. The standard meter for years has been the Tri-Metric meter but I finally gave up on using them because they arent very accurate unless fine-tuned beyond the level most homeowners are capable of understanding. You should probably start saving your shekels for a new battery because that one is not going to live much longer. RSS feed The dashes represent currents which cannot be handled by the wire size. Or is it fine. This scenario may not occur very often in a battery based system that’s in continual use. Hydrometers can be difficult to use and at best accurate to +/-0.005 points. Just installed 2 24 volt reconditioned fork lift batteries in my 48 volt system. 40% 35.88 (( Battery Hydrometer ))View the most popular hydrometer on amzn. If you know your exact battery, you might find related voltage information on their website. To learn more about the difference between them, view our deep cycle battery guide. While on float charge, lead acid measures about 2.25V/cell, higher during normal charge. Even the weather can play a role. For ‘seat of the pants’ measurements, I hope this has been helpful. Do you trust the voltage meter that you’re using for accuracy? 30% 35.43 F. While discharging, a higher temperature will increase battery voltage. 1. CDN$ 17.90 CDN$ 17. You would expect to see this number listed on a PV module's specification sheet and sticker.This voltage is used when testing modules fresh out of the box, and used later when doing temperature corrected VOC calculations in system design. 12V Car Battery Voltage Chart. State of charge does vary a little between a sealed lead acid, flooded, gel and AGM deep cycle battery types and also between brands. Your State of Charge chart does not show for a 36v system. The voltage data in the chart below is that of manufacturer spec. Sine wave. This relationship between voltage and SOC depends directly on the battery technology used. SOC can be determined by measuring the voltage; this is most accurate when the battery has been removed from a load for at least 6 hours, preferably 24 hours. Battery State Of Charge Reference Chart. If if you take a reading while the battery is receiving charge, it could read anything up to 14.5 volts. As mentioned, there’s 4 main types of conventional deep cycle battery – sealed lead acid, flooded lead acid, gel and AGM. However, if it only discharges to 50%, the expected number of cycles skyrockets to around 1700! The one thing I would disagree with somewhat from your well written article is concerning the accuracy of state of charge meters. Track the current flow in and out of the battery with a ‘shunt’ and associated metering circuit (common with alt-energy systems). It is better to play it cautiously. It gets hardened on with heavy cycling. If you're reading a residual "surface charge", you should see the voltage drop fairly quickly to ~12.8, the stay there for some time. Note: If testing specific gravity (deep-cycle flooded/wet batteries), when drawing a sample from the battery, fill and drain the hydrometer several times first before settling upon a measurement. The published lead acid charge curve from 0”-100% is 12.0-12.9 volts. Donate for my efforts, Copyright © 2010-2021 ModernSurvivalBlog.com, Get notified when new comments are posted, (will not be published or viewable by others), (( Most Reviewed Battery Charger on amzn )). 90. Measuring battery voltage is NOT the most accurate way to do this (there are variables to consider). This is intended as a guide only as the voltage reading will be effected by the battery age, technology and temperature. A more accurate method is to measure the specific gravity of each cell within the battery. https://modernsurvivalblog.com/alternative-energy/battery-state-of-charge-chart But a good generalization. Reduce capacities 5% for 1.265 specific gravity and 10% for specific gravities of 1.250 Once all load is removed from a battery, voltage can bounce back up substantially. Once the voltage under load reaches 24V , the battery guard kills the power to the inverter having the battery bank reaching aprox 50% of SOC. I have combined them a few times, then manually started equalization. Partner Login ; BECOME A PARTNER; Order Status ... Output Voltage Distortion. To be somewhat accurate, the battery should be in that condition for an hour or two before taking a measurement, while for a more accurate measurement you should wait 6 hours up to 24 hours. The One-Hour Capacity, measured in Ampere Hours or Ah, is the Lithium LiFePO4 vs Lead dicharge curve 10% 34.53. What is going on here? Much depends on plate thickness. This is very informative thanks. Not sure if I understand your question, however I would suggest that if fully charged batteries are just sitting there not being used and they are dropping to 85% in just 2-days, then those batteries are probably end-of-life. Battery Capacity Voltage Meter 0-179℉ Temperature Monitor 12V 24V 36V 48V Lead Acid Battery Lithium Battery Gauge Meter. Generally speaking, the less you discharge the battery before recharge, the longer the battery will last. Occasional dips into the yellow may not be harmful, but continual discharges to those levels will shorten battery life considerably. 2. John from Italy. If you have a load running, the battery voltage will drop and if there is a charging source the voltage will increase. With proper care and feeding quality made lead acid batteries not subject to abuse can and will last up to a decade. This is helpful information, thanks for gathering all the data! While not totally accurate, the easiest way to determine this is with a multimeter if your solar regulator or charge controller doesn’t have a voltage readout. battery voltage vs. SOC profile, but also its useful Ampere-hour capacity. With experience, one can accurately determine state of charge using a voltmeter. FLOODED BATTERIES ONLY. | ACN: 632 317 545 | ABN: 41 632 317 545, SOLAR HOTLINE: 1800-EMATTERS (1800 362 883), Sealed or Flooded Lead Acid battery voltage. The discharge voltage curves may be depressed by as much as 0.5 VDC from those shown on the graph. Thirdly using anything other than absolutely pure “battery water” (no minerals) will permanently damage the battery. I dont call the voltage reading open circuit voltage, I call it “resting voltage” and if done right as you outlined it is seat of the pants but still somewhat accurate. State of Charge: Sealed or Flooded Lead Acid battery voltage: Gel battery voltage: AGM battery voltage: 100%: 12.70+ 12.85+ 12.80+ 75%: 12.40: 12.65: 12.60: 50%: 12.20: 12.35: 12.30: 25%: 12.00: 12.00: 12.00: 0%: 11.80: 11.80: 11.80 . Thanks for the PDF, newby to solar power. Thanks Ken. On February 19, 2019 at 11:38pm abhilash wrote: Can i have a mathematical relationship between soc and open circuit voltage of a lead acid battery? But the chart above will provide a general view for state of charge. Most people view the battery voltage as a measure of this. This means that the battery must NOT be under load and it must NOT be charging. As a battery is charged the indicated voltage increases and, as discharging occurs, the indicated voltage decreases. With those readings after several days resting, I'd suspect measurement issues, but you might try applying a small load for a short time. I mainly use this system for 12 volt water pumps,a few LED’s and cfl lights and occasionally power tools. In fact, good charger systems (alt-energy systems) have temperature compensation built-in. Great chart! I do off grid solar for a living, 25 years now and I sent a customer the link to this chart to give him an extra tool to keep tabs of his system. A 12V system is made up of 6 x 2-volt cells, 24V system = 12 x 2-volt cells, 48V system = 24 x 2-volt cells. Less than 5 % at full load. for long periods of time daily. And want to really take care of these babies. For a 48V system multiply the distance taken from the 24V chart by 2. About Measure its voltage with a volt meter while open-circuit, no load (general approximation). FREE Delivery on your first order of items shipped by Amazon. A very highly rated ‘smart’ 12-volt battery charger:(( Most Reviewed Battery Charger on amzn )), Open circuit voltage, or specific gravity per cell, Download full size PDF (Battery State Of Charge). It is set to equalize every 30 days, however sometimes I have to do it more than that, to bring them all back to green. It’s like a fuel gauge. Most chargers are automatic and pre-programmed. As a battery is charged the indicated voltage increases and, as discharging occurs, the indicated voltage decreases. In other words a heavier load for shorter periods. I've got some electric scooter components coming in and the only area of concern is maintaining the batteries because I'm fairly new to lead acid battery care. Use our Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) system calculator to determine your off grid solar energy system requirements and suitable components. Percentage of Charge 12 Volt Battery Voltage Specific Gravity 100 12.70 1.265 I have Trojan GEL battery 225Ah when I unplug the charger, it reads 13.2v after 24 hr. Find out more about solar battery, tesla powerwall. 1 *Recommended Charge Current ≤0.5C **Maximum Charge Current 1C or 100A … Carl, Thanks Carl, and as you insinuated, there are variables, including temperature compensation measurements and others. Other products solar panels , solar hot water systems, Serving Canberra, ACT; Sydney, NSW; Melbourne, Victoria; Adelaide, SA; Perth, WA; Brisbane, Queensland; Hobart, Tasmania; most Australian cities and regional areas including Gold Coast, QLD and Newcastle, NSW. is this for all battery types? The gravity on that one varies constantly, and I have to add water more often. If you want to power a laptop computer, check the amps rating on the adaptor. can't just wait until the overall battery voltage drops to 24V (for a 36V battery - 2.0V x 12 cells = 24V), since by the time the battery is that low, some cells are below 2.0V. I have heard this is too high of a voltage to keep a battery at! Battery Service Record Chart Date Last Equalization Charge Battery Resting Voltage Battery 3 Battery 4 Specific Gravity Cell Voltage Battery 1 Battery 2. set the high off voltage, Pulls a relay on and off when it reaches the set points and turns on a mains powered charger to protect over discharge. This chart suggests that to reach 100% state of charge you need to reach the voltage and specific gravity listed in the chart. Running a few appliances just to test it. If you take the reading when the panels aren’t exposed to the sun, as there will likely be power being drawn at the time, you can assume that whatever the voltage reading, it’s a conservative estimate. Note: Voltage measurements are only approximate to determine SOC. All Amphere Hour capacities based on specific gravities of 1.280. This is also known as “state of charge”. That leads to overcharging of some of the batteries in the set. I’ve been wanting to maintain my system more accurate. However the battery can be charged also with higher voltages for fast charge, which is not implemented in automotive alternator, … Finally got my inverter wired to my automatic transfer switch and electrical panel. Which explains why batteries that “go dead” never recover fully. The resting voltage of a fully charged lead acid battery is generally ~12.7 12.8v. WIRE GAUGE W(VA)/Amps 8awg 10awg 12awg 14awg 16awg 18awg … Battery voltage reacts highly to charging and discharging. A float charging voltage for 12V lead acid battery is 13.8V (2.25V to 2.3V per cell). 50% 36.30 Overcharging (and equalizing) leads to water loss. The chart below will give you an idea of state-of-charge for various battery. For example, if charge voltage is noted at 2.5VPC, a 12-volt battery having 6 cells would then require 6 x 2.5VPC or 15V. Measure the battery’s chemistry (specific gravity) with a hydrometer (accurate method). Terms Of Use I combine the batteries whenever we lose power for more than a few hours so we can run TVs, fans DVD player and lights etc. For really serious work advisable to take temperature of the battery acid for standard lead acid batteries. Also, NEVER combine different types, or age, or widely differing state of charge of your batteries when charging. Voltage can be used to estimate state of charge but caution must be taken when interpreting voltage readings. APC Smart-UPS XL 24V Battery Pack. The average duration a car battery can last is 4 to 5 years or even 3 years in hot climates such as Arizona and Florida. (START YOUR AMZN SHOPPING HERE). That said, if you let it rest for 24 hours with no load on it, the voltage reading will give you a pretty good idea. Up to 5 : 1. I agree with the terminology that ‘resting voltage’ is a more accurate representation…, Thank you for the PDF chart, very useful for AGM battery. I was planning on getting an IMAX B8 charger cuz it says it can charge up to 36v pb batteries. Do remember that battery voltage readings are temperature dependent. Once all load is removed from a battery, voltage can bounce back up substantially. 70% 37.11 Both under- or over-charging batteries can significantly reduce the life of the battery. The nominal voltage of lead acid is 2 volts per cell, however when measuring the open circuit voltage, the OCV of a charged and rested battery should be 2.1V/cell. I put together the following battery state of charge chart which indicates the state-of-charge (percent) as it relates to battery voltage or specific gravity. The voltage drop calculations are also based on a conventional load. It would be wise to buy a desulfator unit for your batteries in order to reverse sulfation of the plates after long periods of less than 100% charge. 3. It doesnt help that the manual makes little sense to the layman or that the meter cant read battery voltage and often keeps compounding small errors into bigger ones. But first, a few important notes and caveats…. Except with some vigorous efforts at reversal. Keeping lead acid much below 2.1V/cell will cause the buildup of sulfation. Full charge voltage on a 12 volt battery is 0.9 volts higher at 32 deg. My immediate thought about the differences in your two battery banks is that the wally world batteries are newer, or less heavily used than the Trojan. I wouldn’t stop doing that although it’s a pain, unless you want to lose that battery. 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