A shaman, usually a woman, serves as an intermediary between the two worlds [of the living and the dead]. The crisis took a dangerous turn on January 23, 2019 when Juan Guaidó, president of the Opposition-controlled National Assembly, declared himself interim President of the oil-rich South American country, directly challenging the authority of President Nicolás Maduro, who began his second six-year term in January 2019. Location: They are located in the Niyamgiri hills. Niyamgiri is a hill range spread over 250 sq.km which falls under the Rayagada and Kalahandi District in Odisha. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei pointed the finger at âthe spying agencies of some regional and trans-regional countriesâ, an obvious reference to Pakistan and the U.S. So the attempts to topple Mr. Maduro are not making headway. About Dongria Kondh tribe: The Dongria Kondh, a primitive tribal group [now termed as particularly vulnerable tribe], has been protecting more than 7 sq. Moreover, Pakistanâs relations with Iran, never easy, have hit a new low following the recent terrorist attack in the Sistan-Baluchistan Province that killed 27 Revolutionary Guards. Experts opine that the campaign by Saudi Arabia and the UAE to curtail the influence of political Islamist groups also draws them closer to India. III. Opposition volunteers in neighbouring Brazil and Colombia planned to arrive at the border to help carry humanitarian aid to a sick and hungry population suffering from an economic meltdown under President Nicolás Maduro. The Ganga basin covers 11 states of Uttarakhand, U.P., M.P., Rajasthan, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal and Delhi. Population: The Dongria Kondh community ⦠The moot point therefore is the sensitivity of the impact of the MFN status on Pakistan in terms of its trade with India. ; Beliefs: They worship Niyam Raja (Niyamraja), the supreme god of the Niyamgiri jungle. During his visit to New Delhi, the Saudi Crown Prince hinted at the attack by vowing to âcooperate in every way, including intelligence sharingâ. Dongria girls wear clips in their hair and rings and beads around their necks. Dongria Kandh Tribe | UPSC HEADLINES: Many hands ensure green fields for Odishaâs tribal villages WHY IN NEWS: Traditional systems of sharing work sustain communities. km) and supporting about 43% of its population (448.3 million as per 2001 census). Forest fires are caused by Natural causes as well as anthropogenic causes. These cooperatives ensure all families of the community have food and no fields remain barren. The rich, colourful, and intricate temple and mountain designs on the border and pallu of the Dongria Kondh sarees make it a piece of art among handloom sarees.Shop Dongria sarees online from Uttariya and ⦠Please try again. The first OIC Charter was adopted by the 3rd ICFM Session held in 1972. Launched by Manmohan Singh, the current government has continued the policy of courting Riyadh. This practice has large economic and social costs. Forest fire is a common hazard in forests. The tribes include the Dongria Kondh, Juanga, Lanjia Saura, Saura, Didayi, Paudi Bhuyan and Kandh. As Pakistanâs relations with Iran deteriorate, it is likely to move further into the Saudi orbit. Immediately after Mr. Guaidóâs announcement, the U.S., Canada, Brazil and some other South American nations recognised him as Venezuelaâs legitimate leader. Dongria Kondh. This is a contested claim. Indian-made goods smuggled into Pakistan include cosmetics, liquor, stainless steel utensils, ayurvedic medicines, videotapes/CDs, confectionery/cashew nuts, tea, coffee, live animals and spices. Dongria are having nuclear,monogamous and patrilineal setup. About: Ethnicity: Dongria Kondh people are members of the Kondhs, of the Munda ethnic group. The Dongria have distinctive jewellery, tattoos and hairstyles. They derive their name from dongar, meaning âhillâ and the name for themselves is Jharnia: protector of ⦠Experts have pointed out that the drop in renewable energy tariffs in India is one of the true success stories of the last few years. Besides, most constitutional institutions in the country, including the armed forces, back Mr. Maduro. km. The commission was not able to safeguard the tribal rights of Dongria Kondh community of odisha who faced eviction on a Vedanta development project and took public protest against the same. The basin covers an area of 1,086,000 sq km, extending over India, Nepal and Bangladesh. However, rain extinguishes such fires without causing much damage. UN figures show that some 2.7 million people have fled Venezuela since 2015 amid the crisis, and some 5,000 Venezuelans emigrate from their country each day. The Organization is the collective voice of the Muslim world. They belong to the particularly vulnerableÂ. However, since this is a topical issue that needs a broader context and a deeper understanding, we also present some of the points and perspectives featured in previous articles covered by the Hindu. When Mr. Guaidó declared himself acting President, he may have hoped that he could win over at least sections of Venezuelaâs armed forces. Instead, India should take advantage of any benefit that accrues from Indiaâs economic relations with Saudi Arabia but should not pin much hope on Riyadh in the political-strategic sphere. A group of frustrated Venezuelans who were seeking to cross into Colombia on 23rd February, 2019 to work on morning threw rocks and bottles at National Guard troops, who responded with tear gas. Samantara, an iconic leader of social justice movements, led a historic 12-year legal battle that affirmed the indigenous Dongria Kondhâs land rights and protected the Niyamgiri hills from a massive, open-pit aluminum ore mine. 1. In India, the regulator is taking important steps in this direction. In this context, in 1975, the Government of India initiated to identify the most vulnerable tribal groups as a separate category called PVTGs and declared 52 such groups, while in 1993 an additional 23 groups were added to the category, making it a total of 75 PVTGs out of 705 Scheduled Tribes, spread over 17 states and one Union Territory (UT), in the country (2011 census). Question 4. This is beyond its already committed investments in India of $44 billion for the existing joint venture with the public sector oil undertakings and public fund investments of $10 billion. From an economic perspective, U.S. sanctions have turned Iran into an unreliable economic partner. The Dongria have distinctive jewellery, tattoos and hairstyles. The sanctions are expected to cost Mr. Maduroâs government $11 billion in lost export proceeds. Naturally, this brings them closer to Israel, which faces a growing threat from Islamist militant groups, including Hamas, Hezbollah, and Iranian-backed forces in Syria. The tribeâs reli⦠About Dongria Kondh tribe: The Dongria Kondh, a primitive tribal group [now termed as particularly vulnerable tribe], has been protecting more than 7 sq. It endeavors to safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony among various people of the world. As a standalone visit, the day-long trip of Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud (MBS) to New Delhi will be regarded as a diplomatic success, given the numerous outcomes. The Opposition doesnât recognise the 2018 presidential election which Mr. Maduro won. The Saora people are a jungle tribe with a shamanic culture. It also gave village assemblies the right to give or withhold their consent to projects affecting their rights. The Dongria Kondh have adopted a system of imparting cultural and traditional values to the adolescents and youths in their villages through exclusive youth dormitories. There was a major fire outbreak in the forestlands of Bandipur. He also announced $20 billion worth of investments, in addition to previously announced aid of $6 billion in cash and reserves. Dongria Kondh Tribe. Their vulnerable status comes from the fact that they nest in a very small number of places, and therefore any disturbance to even one nest beach could have huge repercussions on the entire population. Meanwhile, Indian investments in Iran, including the. Besides, imports from Pakistan grew at a lower rate (1.04%) compared to exports (1.32%) per annum from 2011-12 to 2017-18. The Dongria Kondh are currently holding their annual âNiyamraja festivalâ on the picturesque hilltop of Niyamgiri. ; The concept of labour cooperatives is still in vogue in almost all tribal communities. India has had historically deep ties with Iran and External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj stopped over briefly in Teheran recently in the wake of the bombing in India and Iranâs Sistan and Baluchestan province. Niyamgiriâs Dongria Kondh gird for âresistanceâ after SC order. According to an alert from NASAâs Fire Information for Resource Management System (NASA-FIRMS) 21 fires or hotspots were detected during the satellite overpass. India is expected to rely on a higher share of solar PV, given its abundant and cheap solar resource. New Markets or MSP | UPSC, Current Affairs News Analysis for UPSC | 6th Jan 2021, Supreme Court clears Central Vista Project | UPSC, Statement on Climate of India during 2020-IMD | UPSC, Toycathon-2021 and Toycathon Portal | UPSC. From around â¹10-12/kWh in 2010, solar tariffs have come down to â¹2.5-3/kWh. The 8000 strong Dongria Kondh tribe have resided in the lush green environs of the Niyamgiri Mountains for generations. India withdrawing the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status. Kondhs speak the Kui and Kuvi languages. There is no doubt that non-despatchable renewables create challenges for grid balancing. The Dongrias are animistic by religion. Concerns about the potential for violence flared on 22nd February, 2019 when the Venezuelan Army opened fire in a village near the Brazilian border after indigenous leaders attempted to prevent them from advancing, killing a woman and her husband. km. Fact Box: Dongria Kondh tribe. He also said that the Saudis would free 800 Indians held in its jails. Published: February 21, 2013 . Indiaâs defence and security partnership with Israel has already proven useful to its security and military modernisation drive. Due to their successful resistance against the Vedanta Groupâs plan to mine bauxite in the ecologically and mineral-rich Niyamgiri hill range the tribe came into the limelight. Thus the issue of possible eviction of tribals, came up for discussion at the Niyamraja festival of the Dongria Kondh tribe. Informal trade may proliferate, which might not be in Indiaâs interest and an appropriate strategy is required to bring it to a halt. Ganga basin States stare at three-fold rise in crop failures by 2040. Secondly, power plants themselves need to become more flexible to vary their output to balance the variable output of renewables. India-Saudi Arabia ties were strengthened into a strategic partnership announced in 2010 in the Riyadh Declaration when Prime Minister Manmohan Singh paid a visit, and were bolstered by King Salmanâs visit in February 2014 and Mr. Modiâs 2016 trip to Saudi Arabia. The jewellery used by Bonda,Dongria Kondh,Lanjia Saoura, Gadaba, Didayee, Bhottada, Ho, Munda, Bhunjia, Banjara tribes deserve special admiration. [Insights Secure â 2019] Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 11 July 2019. Guaidó says the Venezuelan Constitution allows the president of the National Assembly to take power as interim President in the absence of an elected President. Question 3. These costs will come down further. Cooperative Labour in Odisha Tribes. Forest fires are considered to be deadly and catastrophic to the flora and fauna but at the same time it can be beneficial too. There are hundreds of tribes in India, it becomes very difficult for the aspirants to remember each and every tribe. Nearly 2,00,000 people attended a benefit concert in Cúcuta on 22nd February, 2019 featuring Latin pop stars, including Luis Fonsi of âDespacitoâ fame. Wind tariffs have fallen from â¹4.5-5/kWh to a similar range as solar. You can also find us on Twitter and Facebook. Finally, cost of electricity storage, while expensive today, is expected to come down and provide a crucial option for the grid integration of solar in particular. About: They derive their name from dongar, meaning âhillâ and are the member of Khond Tribe Status: They are a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group. About Dongria Kondh: The Dongria Kondh people are members of the Kondhs, of ⦠The basin covers 11 states of Uttarakhand, U.P., M.P., Rajasthan, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal and Delhi. Yet, as tensions rise in West Asia, Israel, Saudi Arabia and the UAE have coalesced more closely against Iran under the U.S.-sponsored Middle East Security Alliance (MESA). To these challenges, however, there are solutions. The coast of Orissa in India is the largest mass nesting site for the Olive-ridley, followed by the coasts of Mexico and Costa Rica. The External Affairs Minister of India has been invited for the first time to address the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Foreign Ministers meet. In 2012-13, informal trade between India and Pakistan â estimated in a study (ICRIER, N. Taneja and S. Bimal, 2016) â was $4.71 billion, which was double when compared to formal trade. Pakistan on its part perceives MBS as a valuable interlocutor on its behalf with the U.S. because of his excellent rapport with U.S. President Donald Trump. The Dongria Kondh people are a tribe residing in the Niyamgiri Hills of Odisha. Location: Located in the Niyamgiri Hills in the Rayagada and Kalahandi District in Odisha. It is important to note that Mr. Maduro blames the countryâs dire situation (i.e Venezuelaâs dire situation) on U.S. sanctions that have blocked the country from obtaining financing and have hobbled its oil industry. The Olive Ridley turtles are the smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the world, inhabiting warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. A major reason for the Dongria Kondhâs opposition to bauxite mining in the Niyamgiri Mountains was that it would destroy their numerous perennial hill streams. Question 5. Consider the following for Olive Ridley turtles. Dangria Kondh, a sub-section of Kondh community is a primitive section of the tribe that lives in the dense forest of the Niyamgiri range. A rival concert held by the ruling Socialist Party on the Venezuelan side was sparsely attended. Many hands ensure green fields for Odisha’s tribal villages. Amid this crisis, about three million Venezuelans have fled the country, most since 2015. The Thottappally coast is one of the prime nesting sites for Olive Ridley turtles.The area is also home to several species of reptiles, migratory birds, and a large number of butterflies. Dongria Kondh Context: Lockdown Has Pushed Tribes in Odishaâs Niyamgiri Hills to the Brink of Starvation . Dongria Kondh Odisha: About. Consider the ⦠The Dongria Kondh tribe in India are struggling to defend their land against a mining company hell-bent on destroying their sacred mountain. In contrast, Indiaâs NTMs are soft barriers which operate as delays or bureaucratic hurdles rather than bans. The Dongria Kondh family structure depends on which clan the person belongs to as clan, These exogamous clan group have resulted in existence of dominant clan groups which was due to a, Over centuries, the Dongria have helped to maintain the rich biodiversity of their forests, where. Juan Guaidó, recognised by most Western nations as the countryâs legitimate head of state, defied court orders not to leave Venezuela by arriving on 22nd February, 2019 in the Colombian border city of Cúcuta, where aid from the U.S. and Colombian governments is stockpiled in warehouses. ; This includes the Dongria Kandh, Juanga, Lanjia Saura, Saura, Didayi, Paudi Bhuyan and Kandh in Odisha. Mr. Guaidó in January 2019, invoked articles of the Constitution to assume interim presidency and denounced Mr. Maduro as a usurper, arguing his 2018 re-election was illegitimate. After talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the two sides announced measures to upgrade the defence partnership, create a. Saudi Arabia has also expressed its interest in investing in infrastructure projects worth about $26 billion. Context: There is a growing Opposition to the governmentâs decision to allow the removal of mineral-rich sand from the estuary (pozhi) of Thottappally coast of Kerala. WWF-India, along with the fishermen community, has been involved in protecting the Olive ridley rookery at the mass nesting site at Rushikulaya, in Orissa, by fencing off the nesting area and patrolling it till hatching and ensuring a safe passage for the hatchlings to the sea. It is important to note that while the need for basic food and medicines is real, the effort is also meant to embarrass military officers who continue to support Mr. Maduro’s increasingly isolated government. And the economic crisis is far from easing. The Niyamgiri hill range in South-West Odisha State is home to the Dongria Kondh tribe. The language on terrorism in the joint statement was something of a dampener for those who would have hoped there would be stronger condemnation of the terror attack in Pulwama. Major exports from India that would hard hit would be cotton (not carded or combed) valued at $0.273 billion, p-Xylene ($0.082 billion), polypropylene ($0.063 billion) and single yarn ($0.088 billion). 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