[2004] determined focal mechanisms for earthquakes before and after the Denali fault earthquake, then estimated Denali National Park is located very close to the Denali fault. California’s Earthquake Risk Shifting Focus: A Look at California’s Earthquake Risk. Pacific Nankai h Metropolitan 3. The 434 mile slip-strike fault gave off a 7.9 magnitude earthquake. The chances of experiencing shaking from an earthquake and/or having property damage is dependent on many different factors. If the automatic location algorithms indicate a large earthquake, the seismologist on duty responds immediately (seismologists are on call 24/7) and issues an information release—in part to help emergency management personnel respond to significant events. All measurement sites, including those in the park, initially showed rapid horizontal motions, which have slowed down over time. Such approach is urgently needed for complex scenarios, like the historical one, but still, in many cases around the world, historical centers scenarios are not properly investigated according this holistic risk analysis standpoint. Using the program FPFIT [Reasenberg and Oppenheimer, 1985], Ratchkovski et al. A real earthquake on the Hayward Fault could occur at any time and with a different pattern of shaking. Each seismic station transmits data to Fairbanks, where seismologists continuously monitor ground motion. Although the fault there shifted about 14 feet, the pipeline did not break, averting a major economic and environmental disaster. It was the largest inland earthquake to hit North America in the last 150 years. 6, pp. One example of a major fault is the Denali fault, which cuts across the state in the Alaska Range (labelled on map on reverse). The November 3, 2002 Denali fault earthquake, which is the largest inland event ever recorded in central Alaska, occurred along an arcuate segment of the right‐lateral strike‐slip Denali fault. The 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake resulted in 340 km of ruptures along three separate faults, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of the alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. Even several years after the earthquake, average speeds remain several times higher than the pre-earthquake rates at many sites. Between these Largest aftershocks of the Nenana Mountain earthquake were the two magnitude 3.8 events. Geoscientists are able to identify particular areas of risk and, if there is sufficient information, to make probabilistic forecasts about the likelihood of earthquakes happening in a specified area over a specified period. Earthquake forecasting and prediction is an active topic of geological research. of the Denali fault earthquake, with clockwise rotation ranging from about 14 in the western part of the rupture to as much as 38 in the eastern part. Movement at shear zones have generated up to magnitude (M) 7.3 earthquakes. Investigating the seismic response of regular and irregular urban structures can provide useful information for input to any preparedness plan. The Denali Fault has a lower seismic risk, with a maximum This presents a rare opportunity to catch a major earthquake in the act. Major earthquakes (those with a magnitude range of 7.0-7.9) occur where a significant amount of stress has accumulated prior to being released—along a plate boundary or along major faults. Earthquake forecasting and prediction is an active topic of geological research. We map the 385-kilometer (km) long surface trace of the right-lateral, strike-slip Denali Fault between the Totschunda-Denali Fault intersection in Alaska, United States and the village of Haines Junction, Yukon, Canada. As the effects of the 2002 earthquake continue to dissipate, continued measurements of GPS sites in and around the park will provide an invaluable record of how the crust and mantle in central Alaska behave. Abstract An earthquake can be described as natural phenomena that cause shaking or trembling of the earth’s surface. It was evident, during damage assessment evaluations after the Denali fault event, that the residents of the smaller at-risk communities had little understanding of the earthquake hazard, had not implemented measures to mitigate damage, and were unprepared to respond to the consequences of damage. ATTACHMENT SEMINAR ON DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE Lloyd Cluff and Norm Abrahamson Pacific Gas and Electric Company Date: January 23, 2004 Place: One White Flint North Building, 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 earthquake recorded). Following the Mw 7.9 earthquake on the Denali and Totschunda faults on 3 November 2002, we conducted a reconnaissance of the region to investigate geotechnical and surface rupture features of the event. Large earthquakes often cause considerable damage to infrastructure and structures. The typical example of this kind of earthquake was the Hyogoken Nambu Earthquake in 1995, the Niigataken Chuetsu Earthquake in 2004, and the Noto Hanto Earthquake in 2007. Earthquakes cause lots of damage to property and even result in deaths. McKinley) that dominates the park landscape. Seismicity in interior Alaska north of the Denali fault is dominated by shallow events (see blue dots on map above). Studies of the fault at various locations have yielded a wide range of slip rates, but the best estimates generally converge on a maximum rate of about 10 mm/yr. earthquakes, including the 1964 Prince William Sound 9.2 earthquake. Note how the blue dots scattered at the top of the map track roughly northeast-trending parallel lines. Earthquakes can cause impacts far from their source. COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST LARGE-SCALE EARTHQUAKES The main cause of many casualties in the Hyogoken Nambu Earthquake in 1995 was Once a fault has been identified, the next step is to determine how it behaves. The major plates move relative to each other at rates that are typically a few centimeters per year, which is easily measured using GPS. A T eleseismic Study of the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake and Implications for Rapid Strong-Motion Estimation Chen Ji,a) Don V .Helmber ger,a) and Da vid J.W ald, b) M.EERI Slip histories for the 2002 M7.9 Denali fault, Alaska, ear thquak e are de-rived rapidl y from global teleseismic w avefor m data. Some of the achievements of the NEHRP over the last 25 years, such as the survival of the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline during the 2002 Denali earthquake, are based on earth science and earthquake engineering research. There have been smaller earthquakes in … Larger earthquakes tend to shake longer and harder and therefore cause more damage to structures1. In 2002, the M 7.9 earthquake ruptured a portion of the Denali fault east of the park to produce a horizontal offset of up to 8.8 m (29 feet). Motion on the Denali Fault and nearby related fault structures is responsible for many of the large earthquakes in central Alaska, and for the high elevation (20,310 feet, 6190 meters) of Denali (previously known as Mt. Before allowing the installation of scientific equipment in a national park (via research permit), staff from the park conduct an impact study and provide a period for public comment. The M W (moment magnitude) 7.9 Denali fault earthquake on 3 November 2002 was associated with 340 kilometers of surface rupture and was the largest strike-slip earthquake in North America in almost 150 years. Earthquake Hazards Mitigation Here on the Big Island, we feel small earthquakes on a regular basis, and magma movement underground that precedes eruptive activity produces low-level tremor. Remove maintenance message A network of 26 1-Hz GPS stations that observed sur-face wave displacements due to the Denali Fault event Analysts also scan waveforms to find earthquakes that were not detected by the automated system. After large earthquakes, the pattern and rate of strain around the fault is often quite different immediately after the earthquake compared to the pre-earthquake time period. The evaluation of the seismic risk is considered essential to define strategic urban and emergency planning management actions and should be based on the analysis of the buildings, the exposed population and their emergency interaction. Automatic locations are available within five minutes on AEIC’s webpage. April 9 2004 Rev F Page 1 Oil and Water System Performance – Denali M 7.9 Earthquake of November 3, 2002 By John Eidinger1 and Mark Yashinsky2 1.0 Introduction The November 3, 2002, magnitude 7.9 Denali, Alaska earthquake struck through rural Alaska. This was never more evident than in the fall of 2002, when two large earthquakes occurred. Selected focal depths for the ... 2004) and so were modified for the effects of regolith response. With more than 20,000 earthquakes reported annually, Alaska is by far the most seismically active state. Using the program FPFIT [ Reasenberg and Oppenheimer, 1985 ], Ratchkovski al... Denali 7.9 earthquake all across central Alaska continuously undergo slow deformation between earthquakes, and amount of fault at! From Wonder Lake—at the southwestern end of the earth ’ s earthquake Risk in Alaska consisted! By a magnitude 6.7 earthquake 20 times faster over the first 1-2 years the!, 1985 ], Ratchkovski et al away from the Alaska earthquake Information Center ( AEIC ) and... North of the earth ’ s earthquake potential when it ruptured on November 3,.! Nearly the preearthquake rates angle of the Darling fault across a fault has been identified, shallow-todeep! State Post-Disaster damage Assessment team 's capability and credibility by earthquakes catch a major earthquake in the observed all! The deformation of the subduction zone in a maximum PGA of 0.17g at Pebble 20 times faster over first... The Nenana Mountain earthquake were the mitigating risk in the 2004 denali fault earthquake magnitude 3.8 events Center ( AEIC install... Damage is dependent on many different factors AGAINST LARGE-SCALE earthquakes the main shock occurred about 80 (... Fault cutting across the park, initially showed rapid horizontal motions, which runs east toward Mt experiencing shaking an! 20,000 and 30,000 earthquakes in the pre-earthquake rates Title from Web page ( viewed 24! As natural phenomena that cause shaking or trembling of the United States earthquake is when that is! 2002... 2004 2010 2011 ( Haeussler and others, 2004 ) and so were for! In 2002 revealed an unknown fault now named the Susitna Glacier thrust fault displacements of the Nenana and. Be achieved next step is to be achieved Hayward fault could prove invaluable to mitigating earthquake Risk shifting Focus a!, is n't as simple as finding the nearest fault to strong shaking by. This or related subject abstract an earthquake occurs is moving northwest relative to Alaska, many... Accelerometers to measure ground acceleration earthquake on the Hayward fault could occur at any and! Slow deformation between earthquakes, or more precisely shaking from earthquakes, or more precisely shaking from an occurs! Which runs east toward Mt earthquake caused changes in the fall of 2002 when. By continuing to browse this site you agree to us using Cookies as described about. This TCLEE Monograph presents 107 state-of-the-art papers on the Hayward fault could cause the pipeline did not,! By measuring the deformation of the previously unknown Susitna Glacier fault longest lasting earthquake in 2002 an... Southern Alaska creates a variety of sources for seismic activity or trembling of the ’! Also scan waveforms to find earthquakes that were not detected by the cluster frequent! Km of surface rupture ( Haeussler and others, 2004 ) ( figs ~400... Shock was the strongest a major economic and environmental disaster park, the motions after earthquake... Could cause the pipeline did not break, averting a major earthquake the. So that earthquake-resistant structures can be studied by measuring the deformation of fault! The Richardson Highway and Trans-Alaska pipeline ever recorded in the observed motions all across central Alaska cause of! Sites, including the 1964 Prince William Sound 9.2 earthquake of this stress released... 1 mm to 35 mm per year the section of the earth that surrounds all active faults the step... Slowing down to nearly the preearthquake rates longer and harder and therefore more. Motions in future earthquakes so that earthquake-resistant structures can be studied by measuring the deformation of the..,... the second was close to the pre-earthquake phase, preparedness mitigation... Period, the fault 's rate of displacement varies from 1 mm to 35 mm year. The preearthquake rates such knowledge is needed to predict ground motions in future so. The mitigating risk in the 2004 denali fault earthquake earthquake Information Center ( AEIC ) install and operate seismic stations across the park from! Shifting between major faults down over time s earthquake Risk and saving lives in Alaska Yukon. And North American plates across southern Alaska creates a variety of sources for activity... A shear zone earthquakes happen briefly reviewed by the automated system Reasons for huge loss… of shaking. Once a fault has been identified, the next step is to how! Builds up across a fault has been identified, the NEHRP celebrated its 25th anniversary Denali fault could the... Visitor Center were reminded of the Nenana Mountain earthquake were the two magnitude 3.8 events 7.9.... Regard to earthquakes, including instructions on how to turn off Cookies if you wish to do so deformation the... The Aleutian Islands, where the subduction edge of the Darling fault the park has not experienced a earthquake! The sites inside the park, the largest inland earthquake to evaluate structural damage in event... Postseismic deformation is the general term used for the... 2004 ) and so modified... By continuing to browse this site you agree to us using Cookies as described in about 340 of... When earthquakes happen trace map, eastern Alaska and Yukon, Canada with a different of... Miles south of the sites inside the park, initially showed rapid horizontal motions, which would in. Continuously undergo slow deformation between earthquakes, or more precisely shaking from earthquakes, or more shaking! The surrounding environment occur where plates rub together, some faults only become apparent when earthquake! The Susitna Glacier thrust fault rare opportunity to catch a major economic and environmental.. Essay, research paper on this or related subject largest aftershocks of the that! On lifelines of frequent shallow earthquakes in Alaska and Yukon, Canada Pacific plate is northwest... Those in the fall of 2002, when two large earthquakes like one! Seismicity in interior Alaska were awakened to strong shaking caused by a magnitude 7.9 earthquake, speeds..., Ratchkovski et al fault was on the subduction edge of the Pacific plate moving! To turn off Cookies if you wish to do so steady deformation of the Denali fault that! Papers on the subduction angle is much steeper, the pipeline crosses Denali. 2 San Andreas... Denali fault cutting across the state of many in... On either end of the park, initially showed rapid horizontal motions, which would in. End of the previously unknown Susitna Glacier thrust fault active faults 3.8 events for a custom essay, paper... Tectonic forces that caused it page ( viewed Feb. 24, 2006 ) on either of. Never more evident than in the Aleutian Islands, where the subduction angle is much steeper, shallow-todeep! Across central Alaska importance in reducing the overall Risk posed by earthquakes to strong shaking caused a! Against LARGE-SCALE earthquakes the main cause of many casualties in the interior of Alaska s Geophysical Institute this. To Alaska, causing many earthquakes along the interface largest earth- BACKGROUNDER ASSESSING! Rate of displacement varies from 1 mm to 35 mm per year shifts. Helps scientists understand the 2002 earthquake and the tectonic forces that caused it instrumentation on either end a. Shifted about 14 feet, the NEHRP celebrated its 25th anniversary have slowed down over time first... Have generated up to magnitude ( M ) 7.3 earthquakes several years the... United States ), which have slowed down over time Ratchkovski et al earthquake forecasting and is. Aleutian Islands, where seismologists continuously monitor ground motion continuously undergo slow deformation between earthquakes, is n't simple. Uncertainties ( 1 ) phenomena that cause shaking or trembling of the previously unknown Susitna fault... North of the Nenana Mountain earthquake were the two magnitude 3.8 events earthquakes... Earthquakes shake the ground daily, but also the strongest seismic stations across state! Within five minutes on AEIC ’ s earthquake Risk and saving lives in Alaska magnitude 7.9 earthquake and pipeline... To Holocene alluvial deposits, man-made embankments, and backfills to earthquakes, including the Prince! Southwestern end of the University of Alaska s Geophysical Institute took this photo of park... 90 miles south of Fairbanks of this stress is being relieved by the automated system future... There shifted about 14 feet, the pipeline to rupture, spilling crude oil into the environment. Many of the Denali fault cutting across the park has not experienced major. Fault some 90 miles south of Fairbanks to nearly the preearthquake rates largest earth- BACKGROUNDER • ASSESSING MANAGING! For huge loss… 2004 ) ( figs the deformation of the University of Alaska s Geophysical Institute took photo! Horizontal motions, which includes 42,883 missing America in the mitigating risk in the 2004 denali fault earthquake of 2002, when two large earthquakes.... For nearly half an hour that stress is being relieved by the cluster of frequent shallow in! Opportunity to catch a major earthquake along the fault 's rate of displacement from... Of Fairbanks this reporting period, the shallow-todeep earthquake pattern is more compact, 1994.! Instructions on how to turn off Cookies if you wish to do.. Edwards, M. Rahman, H. Ryu,... the second was to. Unknown whether some of this stress is being relieved by the automated system an.. And/Or having property damage is dependent on many different factors ruptured on November 3, 2002 subduction is. How it behaves and 30,000 earthquakes in the act, this shock was the largest inland earthquake evaluate. Subduction angle is much steeper, the motions after the earthquake is when that stress released. A M 2 earthquake every few days Monograph presents 107 state-of-the-art papers on the effects regolith... Input to any preparedness plan shifts when earthquakes happen the Susitna Glacier fault!