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Synonym: The average range of beats per minute recorded within a 10-min time frame. point-source outbreak see outbreak, point-source. cancer rates. study, cross-sectional a study in which a sample of persons from a population are enrolled and their exposures and health outcomes are measured simultaneously; a survey. Blood to which an anticoagulant has been added is placed in a long, narrow tube, and the distance the red cells fall in 1 hr is the ESR. representative sample see sample, representative. See: The average airflow during the middle half of a forced vital capacity effort. Infection. Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/infection. infectivity the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection, measured as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected. high-risk group a group of persons whose risk for a particular disease, injury, or other health condition is greater than that of the rest of their community or population. Normally it is less than 10 mm/hr in men and slightly higher in women. {\displaystyle 1/A} rate ratio a measure of association that quantifies the relation between an exposure and a health outcome from an epidemiologic study, calculated as the ratio of incidence rates or mortality rates of two groups. crude death rate see mortality rate, crude. Prostadine is a natural dietary supplement that uses an advanced prostate complex formula to boost prostate gland health. The exposure period can be brief or can extend over days, weeks, or longer, with the exposure being either intermittent or continuous. NCHS The National Center for Health Statistics, the US governmental organization responsible for national vital statistics and multiple national health surveys. {\displaystyle \lambda } A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center The mobile infection rate was 0.65% during the first half of Mobile infection rate jumps in H1 2014 trend, secular changes occurring over a substantial period, generally years or decades. We used mRNA display under a reprogrammed genetic code to find a spike-targeting macrocyclic peptide that . a high (monthly) accident rate in a factory. birth rate, crude the number of live births during a specified period divided by the mid-period population, usually expressed per 1,000 population. Easily, or capable of being, transmitted to others contagious communicable catching transmittable transmissible spreading infective pestilent transferable pestilential pandemic epidemic epizootic virulent spreadable catchable contaminating conveyable mephitic vitiating catchy pestiferous taking endemic communicative pernicious uncontrollable table, two-by-two a two-variable table with cross-tabulated data, in which each variable has only two categories. biologic transmission see transmission, biologic. variable the degree to which a measurement, questionnaire, test, or study or any other data-collection tool measures what it is intended to measure. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Passing Rate. study, cohort an observational analytic study in which enrollment is based on status of exposure to a certain factor or membership in a certain group. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. HIPAA the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, enacted in 1996, which addresses the privacy of a persons medical information as well as postemployment insurance and other health-related concerns. portal of entry a pathway into the host that gives an agent access to tissue that will allow it to multiply or act. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births plus stillbirths. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. ( ( , , . epidemiology, applied the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems. variable, continuous a variable that has the potential for having an infinite number of values along a continuum (e.g., height and weight). HPV infection is a viral infection that commonly causes skin or mucous membrane growths (warts). epidemic the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a particular period. Objectives In late December 2022, rates of mortality in France (over 2,500 daily deaths) have reached levels not seen since April 2020, with the most pronounced increase in mortality recorded in nursing homes. For the majority of data, the midrange is calculated by adding the smallest observation and the largest observation and dividing by two. Rate: An expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. y-axis the vertical axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the dependent variable (e.g., frequency number, proportion, or rate). case-fatality rate (also called case-fatality ratio) the proportion of persons with a particular condition (e.g., patients) who die from that condition. Many conditions, including infections, medications, inflammatory diseases, and blood or bone marrow disorders, can cause an abnormal WBC count. https://www.freethesaurus.com/infection+rate. environmental factor an extrinsic factor (e.g., geology, climate, insects, sanitation, or health services) that affects an agent and the opportunity for exposure. cohort a well-defined group of persons who have had a common experience or exposure and are then followed up, as in a cohort study or prospective study, to determine the incidence of new diseases or health events. clinical criteria the medical features (e.g., symptoms, medical examination findings, and laboratory results) that are used in a case definition. mortality rate, age-adjusted a mortality rate that has been statistically modified to eliminate the effect of different age distributions among different populations. The normal range is between 120 and 160 beats per minute. EIS Epidemic Intelligence Service; CDCs 2-year training program in applied epidemiology for public health professionals (/eis). The code for attribution links is required. exposure having come into contact with a cause of, or possessing a characteristic that is a determinant of, a particular health problem. {\displaystyle \lambda } cause, component a factor that contributes to a sufficient cause (see also cause, sufficient). Synonyms for Rates of infection.Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://www.classicthesaurus.com/rates_of_infection/synonyms The number of maternal deaths in 1 year from puerperal causes (such as those associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium) within 42 days after delivery divided by the number of live births in that same year. attack rate a form of incidence that measures the proportion of persons in a population who experience an acute health event during a limited period (e.g., during an outbreak), calculated as the number of new cases of a health problem during an outbreak divided by the size of the population at the beginning of the period, usually expressed as a percentage or per 1,000 or 100,000 population (see also incidence proportion). cohort, birth a group of persons born during a particular period or year. A confirmed case is "a person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection" as the World Health Organization (WHO) explains. noun an act or fact of infecting; state of being infected. medical surveillance see surveillance, medical. spot map a visual display of the geographic pattern of a health problem, in which a marker is placed on a map to indicate where each affected person lives, works, or might have been exposed. Such a calculation is difficult because not all new infections are reported, and it is often difficult to know how many susceptibles were exposed. Solve Now. Two common types are cohort studies and case-control studies. is the average time spent in the susceptible group before becoming infected. contingency table a two-variable table of cross-tabulated data. Epidemics of Omicron and influenza have both contributed to those high mortality levels in late 2022. The time it takes for someone with an infection to start showing symptoms. transmission, airborne transfer of an agent suspended in the air, considered a type of indirect transmission. An endemic disease with a high rate of infection, especially one affecting people of all ages equally. Nglish: Translation of infection for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of infection for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about infection. indirect transmission see transmission, indirect. incidence rate a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occur, expressed explicitly per a time frame. The rate of occurrence of negative test results in those who have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. {\displaystyle \lambda } scale, interval a measurement scale consisting of quantitative categories whose values are measured on a scale of equally spaced units, but without a true zero point (e.g., date of birth). immunity, herd the resistance to an infectious agent of an entire group or community (and, in particular, protection of susceptible persons) as a result of a substantial proportion of the population being immune to the agent. 'Hiemal,' 'brumation,' & other rare wintry words. bank accounts paying above the average rate of interest. map, area (shaded, choropleth) a visual display of the geographic pattern of a health problem, in which a marker is placed on a map to indicate where each affected person lives, works, or might have been exposed. notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. statistical inference generalizations developed from sample data, usually with calculated degrees of uncertainty. The speed of administration of a solution in mL/hr. symmetrical a type of distribution where the shapes to the right and left of the central location are the same. Home; infection rate; Synonyms for infection rate. endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. confidence interval a range of values for a measure (e.g., rate or odds ratio) constructed so that the range has a specified probability (often, but not necessarily, 95%) of including the true value of the measure. Unit-specific infection control data showed that VRE infections decreased by 70% (n = 33 before and n = 10 after) in a 19-month period after the intervention. He says that he isn't sure whether we'll be allowed to finish, but at that rate we might as well not start. mechanical transmission see transmission, mechanical. The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually expressed or written as number per minute. cluster an aggregation of cases of a disease, injury, or other health condition (particularly cancer and birth defects) in a circumscribed area during a particular period without regard to whether the number of cases is more than expected (often the expected number is not known). mortality rate, sex-specific a mortality rate among either males or females. proportionate mortality the proportion of deaths among a population attributable to a particular cause during a selected period. bar chart, 100% component a stacked bar chart in which all bars or columns are the same length, and the measured axis represents 0%100%. It is updated regularly. The process of infecting or the state of being infected A measure of the contagiousness of a disease or illness Any contagious disease that spreads rapidly and kills many people more Noun An infectious disease disease illness virus contagion disorder indisposition infirmity affliction ailment bug complaint condition lurgy problem sickness table shell a table that is completely drawn and labeled but contains no data. survival curve a line graph that begins with 100% of the study population and displays the percentage of the population still surviving at successive points in time. quarantine the separation of well persons who have been exposed or are suspected to have been exposed to a communicable disease, to monitor for illness and to prevent potential transmission of infection to susceptible persons during the incubation period. mortality rate a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death among a defined population during a specified time interval. Synonym: The number of deaths in 1 year of infants aged 0 to 28 days divided by the number of live births in that same year. outbreak, point-source a common source outbreak in which the exposure period is relatively brief so that all cases occur within one incubation period. Go Above And Beyond With This Prepositions Quiz! isolation the separation of infected persons to prevent transmission to susceptible ones. It is usually expressed in terms of kilocalories per square meter of body surface per hour. Diseases of the cardiovascular system may be diagnosed . According to the 2018 Healthy Youth Survey, nearly 25% of eighth-graders, 31% of 10th-graders and 31% of 12th-graders reported seeing someone around their age pressure someone else to kiss, touch. common-source outbreak see outbreak, common-source. Our aims were to increase (1) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine . contagion, contamination, corruption, defilement, poison, pollution, septicity, virus, English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus, Collaborative Dictionary English Thesaurus. efficiency the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results with a minimum expenditure of time and resources. demographic information personal characteristics of a person or group (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, residence, and occupation) demographic information is used in descriptive epidemiology to characterize patients or populations. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each community and then follows the communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. CDC twenty four seven. variable (or data), discrete a variable that is limited to a finite number of values; data for such a variable. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? Incidence rate is calculated as the number of new cases over a specified period divided either by the average population (usually mid-period) or by the cumulative person-time the population was at risk. infection contagion, contamination, corruption, defilement, poison, pollution, septicity, virus English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus See also: inflection, injection, infectious, infect Collaborative Dictionary English Thesaurus payday loan n. incidence proportion the fraction of persons with new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition during a specified period, calculated as the number of new cases divided by the size of the population at the start of the study period (see also attack rate). The terms Prevalence rates and Rate of prevalence might have synonymous (similar) meaning. Surgical site infection rate in India has varies from 2.5% to 41.9%. pathogenicity the ability of an agent to cause disease after infection, measured as the proportion of persons infected by an agent who then experience clinical disease. The number of live births per 1000 in the population in a given year. COVID-19 infections are still rising in 72 countries. 1 vote. contact, direct exposure or transmission of an agent from a source to a susceptible host through touching (e.g., from a human host by kissing, sexual intercourse, or skin-to-skin contact) or from touching an infected animal or contaminated soil or vegetation. The quantity of medicine or radiation administered per unit of time. ; Quelle note lui donneriez-vous sur 10?. frequency polygon a graph of a frequency distribution in which values of the variable are plotted on the horizontal axis, and the number of observations are plotted on the vertical axis. rates of hiv aids. normal distribution a distribution represented as a bell shape, symmetrical on both sides of the peak, which is simultaneously the mean, median, and mode, and with both tails extending to infinity. study, prospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred. distribution in epidemiology, the frequency and pattern of health-related characteristics and events in a population. Despite the availability of vaccines, infection rates remain high due to immune evasive Omicron sublineages. The frequency with which a gene will be inherited or expressed by identical or fraternal twins. rate an expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. Log in. Quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons; isolation refers to separation of ill persons. The percentage of individuals afflicted with an illness who die as a result of it. The graphic states that new HIV infections fell 8% from 2015 to 2019, after a period of general stability. The most common symptoms were respiratory congestion, muscle aches (myalgia), and loss of smell or taste. Quel est le taux pour changer des en ? Find out what connects these two synonyms. line listing a type of epidemiologic database, organized similar to a spreadsheet with rows and columns in which information from cases or patients are listed each column represents a variable, and each row represents an individual case or patient. The metabolic rate as measured 12 hr after eating, after a restful sleep, with no exercise or activity preceding testing, with elimination of emotional excitement, and at a comfortable temperature. The film was rated excellent by 90 per cent of children. Populations are followed, and disease, death, or other health-related outcomes are documented and compared. alternative hypothesis see hypothesis, alternative. (-0001). Copy the code below and paste it where you want the visualization of this word to be shown on your page: Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? health indicator any of a variety of measures (e.g., mortality rate) that indicate the state of health of a given population. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had great societal and health consequences. Often referred to as a skewed distribution; the mean, median, and mode of an asymmetrical distribution are not the same. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/infection+rate, [Middle English, from Old French, from Medieval Latin, [C15: from Old French, from Medieval Latin, to estimate or be estimated, with regard to worth, merit, value. PPE PPE Stands for personal protective equipment. person-time rate the incidence rate calculated as the number of new cases among a population divided by the cumulative person-time of that population, usually expressed as the number of events per persons per unit of time. mean (or average) commonly called the average; it is the most common measure of central tendency. portal of exit a pathway by which an agent can leave its host. mean, arithmetic the measure of central location, commonly called the average, calculated by adding all the values in a group of measurements and dividing by the number of values in the group. A small short-term loan, with very high interest rates, that the borrower promises to repay on or near the next payday. Data as of December 2022 and NOTE: dose response & no vaxxKeep in mind that wherever there has been elevated COVID vaccine rates, there are elevated excess infections and See respiratory tract infection . population the total number of inhabitants of a geographic area or the total number of persons in a particular group (e.g., the number of persons engaged in a certain occupation). measure of association a quantified relationship between exposure and a particular health problem (e.g., risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio). These proportions are not mortality rates because, in proportionate mortality, the denominator is all deaths instead of the population among whom the deaths occurred. the population is growing at an alarming rate, he is the least appealing, to me at any rate, I don't know what happened, at any rate she didn't turn up, there is a reduced rate for children under 12. how do you rate his performance on a scale of one to ten? descriptive epidemiology see epidemiology, descriptive. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. Q. where would i find list of all the "clean" cities and the rates of air pollution ? infection rates. So even though cases overall grew, hospitalizations and deaths were down and that makes sense because younger people are more likely to experience mild or symptom-free, In other words, its hard to predict how many people might die of widespread, Some feared coming to work while others walked out of plants to protest the lack of, Data gathered in West Africa and elsewhere during the 1990s also built a case that BCG vaccination, in addition to preventing tuberculosis, protected people from a broad set of, They also refer to a recent study in Syrian hamsters that also suggested masking results in milder, Moving forward, medical innovation can play a substantial role in controlling and preventing, Thats still above the national average for new, THE NEW COVID-19 CASE SURGE IN EUROPE, EXPLAINED. age-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, age-specific. iSYNONYM. The paper is devoted to monitoring the environmental coliform bacteria (CB) contamination (soil and water) in the environmental disaster areas in the Kazakhstan part of the Aral Sea Region and ranking districts by their level of contamination and the rate of gastrointestinal infections (GI). Sometimes distinguished from an epidemic as more localized, or the term less likely to evoke public panic (see also epidemic). Well, at any rate, let me thank you for all you did. Infectious Disease A disease caused by a microbe, and the microbes that cause infectious diseases are referred to as pathogens Infection -Synonym for infectious disease -Microbiologists reserve it to mean colonization of pathogen; may or may not go on to cause disease Infection vs. Infectious Disease The number of heartbeats per unit of time that can be detected by palpating any accessible artery. rate of infection synonym Black&Red Black&Gold Black&Bluish purple Black&Purple Black&Black For COVID-19, symptoms appear 2-14 days after infection. rate of prevalence. droplet spread the direct transmission of an infectious agent by means of the aerosols produced in sneezing, coughing, or talking that travel only a short distance before falling to the ground. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted. This television programme has had some very bad ratings recently. association the statistical relation between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. confounding the distortion of the association between an exposure and a health outcome by a third variable that is related to both. Cohort studies can be either prospective or retrospective. arbovirus any of a group of viruses that are transmitted between hosts by mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropods. ; the effective transmission rate. The term was first used by Edward Tufte in his book, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983). NHANES The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, designed to (1) estimate the proportion of the US population and designated groups with selected disease and risk factors; (2) monitor trends in selected behaviors, exposures, and diseases; and (3) study the associations among diet, nutrition, and health. antigen any substance (e.g., a toxin or the surface of a microorganism or transplanted organ) recognized as foreign by the human body and that stimulates the production of antibodies. These infections are usually acquired after hospitalization and manifest 48 hours after admission t Hospital Acquired Infections Book rates of infection. Search. Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). infant mortality rate see mortality rate, infant. sample, random a sample of persons chosen in such a way that each one has the same (and known) probability of being selected.