[62] Concentrated preparations or extracts which may be smoked in place of untreated leaves, have become widely available. The two substances are not chemically similar or related, as salvinorin A is found naturally in a single plant while LSD is chemically semisynthesized from lysergamides like ergotamine. [76], An ABC news report said excitement over research into Salvia "could vanish overnight if the federal government criminalized the sale or possession of salvia, as the Drug Enforcement Agency [sic] is considering doing right now. They were unable to locate live plants. See the Instructional Videos page for full details of videos available. Resimde gördüğünüz karakterleri yazınız Gerade bei den Sämereien zur Anzucht von Pflanzen mit verzehrbaren Früchten wie Obstsamen, Gemüsesamen oder Kräutersamen lohnt deshalb immer ein Blick auf die interessanten Angebote. In traditional Mazatec ritual, shamans use only fresh Salvia divinorum leaves. [127] Alabama, Delaware, Illinois, Louisiana, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Texas, and other states have passed their own laws. [119], Salvia divinorum is considered a Schedule 9 prohibited plant in Australia under the Poisons Standard (October 2015). By calculating the concentrations per leaf ("an average concentration of 2.45 mg per gram" of leaf),[65] the average weight per leaf ("about 50 g" per 20 leaves, or 2.5g/leaf),[66] and the standard dose for chewing (about 8-28 leaves),[62] the doses can range from about 50 mg to 172 mg. Modern methods of ingestion include smoking or chewing the leaf, or using a tincture, as described in the following sections. The main cultigen proponent is Gordon Wasson, who is not a botanist. [100] He said that if people had questions about the deleterious effects of salvia, they should go on YouTube to watch the videos. Opinions range from veneration of the plant as a spiritual sacrament or "a gift from the gods",[21][81] to 'threat to society', to be banned as quickly as possible in order to "spare countless families the horror of losing a loved one to the relentless tentacles of drug abuse". Extracts reduce the overall amount of inhalations needed to ingest a given amount of active principle, thus facilitating more powerful experiences. There's obviously a risk in people taking it. Tinctures vary in potency, and the effects can range from inducing a mild meditative state to bringing about a more intense hallucinatory one. [82], Interest in Salvia divinorum has been escalating in the news media, particularly in the United States, where an increasing number of newspaper reports have been published and television news stories broadcast.[83]. These stories generally raise alarms over salvia's legal status, for example comparing it to LSD,[84][85][86] or describing it as "the new pot",[87] with parental concerns being raised by particular focus on salvia's use by younger teens. The likeliest explanations are inbreeding depression or hybridity. [123][124][125], Although salvia is not regulated under the Controlled Substances Act, as of 2009, it had been made illegal in 13 states. Anderson told colleagues at a legislative hearing about a video that depicts a salvia user behind the wheel of a car. Reisfield is unsure why Epling "used the invalid name (the synonym rather than the valid name. For an unknown reason, pollen fertility is also comparatively reduced. [28], Salvinorin A is not an alkaloid, (meaning it does not contain a basic nitrogen), unlike most known opioid receptor ligands. The 3-centimetre (1.2 in) flowers are white, curved and covered with hairs, and held in a small violet calyx that is covered in hairs and glands. [37], The origin of Salvia divinorum is still a mystery, one of only three plants in the extensive genus Salvia (approximately 900 species) with unknown origins—the other two are Salvia tingitana and Salvia buchananii. diarrhea), through a combination of κ-opioid and cannabinoid (mainly CB1 receptor) receptors in inflamed but not normal gut in vivo. Anders als in den örtlichen Gartenmärkten findet man auch Raritäten oder nur noch selten gezüchtete Sorten in den Angeboten. [72] Users have written prose about their experiences;[73][74] some describing their visions pictorially, and there exist examples of visionary art which are 'salvia-inspired'. [90][97] In an interview with California-based newspaper the San Francisco Chronicle, published in June 2007, Daniel Siebert said that the videos "make salvia look like some horrible drug that makes people nuts and dangerous ..." and that it stops people from realizing "there are sensible ways to use something like this. [104], In Massachusetts, YouTube videos were shown by a retired police officer to public health and judiciary committees as evidence in favor of outlawing it there. [1][32][33], Salvia divinorum is endemic to the Sierra Mazateca in the state of Oaxaca in Mexico, growing in the primary or secondary cloud forest and tropical evergreen forest at elevations from 300 to 1,830 metres (980 to 6,000 ft). [36], Salvia divinorum was first documented in 1939, but it was many years before botanists could identify the plant due to Mazatec secrecy about the growing sites. [69] The temperature required to release salvinorin from the plant material is quite high (about 240 °C). 5607)", "Localization of Salvinorin A and Related Compounds in Glandular Trichomes of the Psychoactive Sage, Salvia divinorum", "How to Propagate and Grow Salvia divinorum", "Case Report: Adolescent salvia substance abuse", "Louisiana Law, Revised Statutes, Rule Number 40, Section Number 989.1 — Unlawful production, manufacture, distribution, or possession of hallucinogenic plants", Conners/Conaway to sponsor bill outlawing herbal hallucinogen Salvia divinorum, "Neoclerodane Diterpenes as Potential Drug Abuse Therapeutics", Drug Addiction—From Basic Research to Therapies (AAPS-NIDA Symposium Frontiers in Science), "Studies of Salvia divinorum (Lamiaceae), an Hallucinogenic Mint from the Sierra Mazateca in Oaxaca, Central Mexico", "Notes on the Present Status of Ololiuhqui and the Other Hallucinogens of Mexico", "There are many drugs that help people get out of their minds yet stay within the law - they're called 'legal highs, "Salvia: more powerful than LSD, and legal", "Mind-altering drugs: does legal mean safe? Wer sich gar nicht entscheiden kann, der kann die Auswahlkriterien wie das Lichtangebot zur Hilfe nehmen. 2000. Bodleian Libraries. "[95], Kathleen Chidester has continued campaigning for "Schedule I"-like legislation beyond their home state of Delaware. [10][47] It has been reported that the effects of salvinorin A in mice are blocked by κ-opioid receptor antagonists. The plant has a nondescript appearance; unlike many other drug plants, the leaves are non-descript, and without a detectable odour. [1] Ritual use traditionally involves being in a quiet place after ingestion of the leaf—the Maztec shamans say that "La Maria (S. divinorum) speaks with a quiet voice. Ingested in different ways and produce different effects, which manifest themselves over different timescales received money. Not been able to determine whether it is now in the botanical under... 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