HepG-2 and MDA-MB-231 cells were also treated with 5-flurouracil (5-Fu; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), the positive control of the experiment, at the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml for 72 h at 37°C. Furthermore, floating dead cells and a reduction in cell number were also noted (Fig. The anticancer properties of herbs and spice is directly related directly to their phytochemical content [55]. The present study aimed to determine the cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of S. crispa on CNE-1 NPC cells. WHO traditional medicine strategy 2002–2005. PID 040114–04). Alibaba.com offers 802 iran dried pink rose buds products. Boyer J, Liu RH. The branches are acutely quadrangular at top. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features An MTT assay was used in the present study to screen the plant extracts for their anti-cancer properties. Perz JF, Armstrong GL, Farrington LA, Hutin YJ, Bell BP. In the current study, the S. crispus leaves with the highest content of secondary metabolites exhibited the most potent antioxidant and anticancer activity. Mori K, Sugaya S, Gemma H. Decreased anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berries grown under elevated night temperature condition. Strobilanthes crispus is used widely in the herbal and traditional medicinal preparations in this part of the world, especially among the Indonesians and the Malays. Cancer is a major public health concern not only in developed countries, but also in developing countries. Park S, Bae J, Nam BH, Yoo KY. Aetiology of cancer in Asia. Med Res Rev. Highest content of chlorogenic acid was observed in leaves extract collected from Kelantan (0.75 mg/g DM) followed by Selangor (0.5 mg/g DM). Schoene NW, Kamara KS. Full article founded whathotnews.blogspot.com.Many people use this leaf as traditional method. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Strobilanthes crispus leaf extract. Acanthaceae. Dudonne S, Vitrac X, Coutiere P, Woillez M, Mérillon J-M. 2006;2(2):152–8. Hassan M, Watari H, AbuAlmaaty A, Ohba Y, Sakuragi N. Apoptosis and molecular targeting therapy in cancer. Google Scholar. Leonard RC, Williams S, Tulpule A, Levine AM, Oliveros S. Improving the therapeutic index of anthracycline chemotherapy: Focus on liposomal doxorubicin (Myocet). The absorbance of the samples was read at 540 nm using spectrophotometer UV2550, Shimadzu, Japan). Cheng CL. IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration; SI, selectivity index; N/A, not available. Food Bioprod Process. Authors also are grateful to the Mr. Thiyagu Devarajan from the Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute for collecting of plant samples. However, vacuolation of cells was noted in the treated cells (Fig. J Agric Food Chem. The limited success of current therapies is evident due to the consistently high mortality rate associated with cancer (28). However, no significant changes in the cell cycle phases were reported in MDA-MB-231 cells. Blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity by quercetin and luteolin leads to growth inhibition and apoptosis of pancreatic tumor cells. 2013;7(7):1016–23. Bakar et al. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the phytochemical content and investigate the antioxidant and anticancer activity in Strobilanthes crispus leaves grown in three different areas [North-east (Kelantan), Central (Selangor), and North (Penang)] of Malaysia. Cancer statistics, 2007. Furthermore, it altered cell cycle profile and significantly increased caspase-8 activity in HepG-2 cells, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. The extraction was performed by mixing 500 ml of solvent into 100 g of powdered leaves or stems, and then macerating in the dark at room temperature for 3 days. Extracts of leaves (1 mL) were mixed with NaNO2 solution (4 mL, 1:5, w/v) and incubated at room temperature for 6 min. 2004;3(5):12. The tubes were tightly capped and the contents were stirred overnight using a magnetic stirrer. Chong YH, Koh RY, Ling APK, Chye SM, Yew MY. Therefore, the identification of novel potential anti-cancer therapeutic agents is warranted to provide more treatments options. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation following 3 independent experiments. 1), followed by evaporation under reduced pressure in an Eyela rotary evaporator to remove excess solvent. For example, the isolated polyphenols from strawberry including kaempferol, quercetin, anthocyanins, coumaric acid and ellagic acid, were shown to inhibit the growth of human breast (MCF-7), oral (KB, CAL-27), colon (HT-29, HCT-116), and prostate (LNCaP, DU-145) tumor cell lines [13, 14]. 2011;16(4):3433–43. Untreated MDA-MB-231 cells remained normal, healthy and confluent throughout the treatment period (Fig. DPPH was dissolved in methanol at a concentration of 100 μM. 1). Sezgin C. Arsenic trioxide has additive cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with taxanes. HepG-2, MDA-MB-231 and NRK-52E cells were seeded at a density of 1×105 cells/ml into a 96-well plate and treated with varying concentrations of S. crispa extracts (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) including LH, LC, LEA, LM, LW, SH, SC, SEA, SM and SW for 72 h at 37°C. Hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol and water extracts prepared from the leaves, and stems of S. crispa were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on HepG-2 and MDA-MB-231 cells using an MTT assay. Among the medicinal plants, one of the commonly found plants in tropical countries is Strobilanthes crispa Blume. Fimognari C, Berti F, Nüsse M, Cantelli Forti G, Hrelia P. In vitro antitumor activity of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside. 2008;56(3):670–5. Increased sub-G and S phases were noted following the treatment; however, no significant differences were identified. It is one of the most life-threatening and challenging diseases of modern time, caused by a number of internal factors, including immune condition and inherited mutation, and external factors, including radiation, tobacco and chemical exposure (1). In the current study, five phenolic acids (gallic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid) and six flavonoid compounds (quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, catechin, naringenin, and apigenin) were identified from the extracts of S. crispus leaves collected from three different locations (Table 4). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's honest significant difference post-hoc test with GraphPad Instat software (version 3.0; GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA) or Student's t-tests with Microsoft Excel (version 2013; Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA). After incubation, the absorbance of the samples was read at 517 nm using a spectrophotometer (UV2550, Shimadzu, Japan). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), which is defined as the concentration required to inhibit cell viability by 50%, was determined through the construction of a dose-response curve. It is known as pokok pecah kaca or pokok pecah beling in Malaysia, and pecah beling, enyoh kilo, kecibeling or kejibeling in Indonesia. Relative antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of common herbs. Int J Pharmacol. 2012;12(1):35. This suggests that SH exhibited cytotoxic effects in MDA-MB-231 cells via other mechanisms. It is apparent from Table 2 that the solubility of polyphenolic compounds is higher in aqueous solvents than that in ethanol. Karena memiliki cabang ranting dan daun yang banyak, daun ini biasanya tumbuh berumpun. Subsequently, 1 µl staining reagent was added to the cell suspension and incubated at 37°C for 30 min. [30] compared the antioxidant activity of S.crispus (unfermented tea) with green and black tea using FRAP and DPPH method and showed that S.crispus exhibited highest FRAP value (2091 μmol/L) and lowest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (63.21 %) compared to green (FRAP: 56.7 μmol/L; DPPH: 79.56 %) and black tea (FRAP: 34.3 μmol/L: DPPH: 74.27 %). Potent inhibitory action of red wine polyphenols on human breast cancer cells. Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Strobilanthes Crispus. 1). In order to identify the compounds responsible for the anti-cancer effects, further studies on the isolation and purification of the bioactive compounds from S. crispa are required. The characteristics and therapeutic effects of natural bioactive compounds, especially from plant sources including spices, have been extensively investigated. Strobilanthes anisophylla or Goldfussia is an evergreen, erect, bushy shrub with lance-shaped, purplish foliage and long, tubular, lavender flowers that open to a bell-shaped mouth on long, brittle, cane-like stems. [8] reported that aqueous extract (800 μg/mL) of S.crispus leaves exhibited 17.46 % scavenging activity. Extraction, separation and identification of chemical ingredients of Elephantopus Scaber L. using factorial design of experiment. Cells were treated with two different concentrations of stems hexane extract (38.8 and 77.6 µg/ml for HepG-2 cells; 42.5 and 85 µg/ml for MDA-MB-231 cells) for 72 h, and the number of cells was counted to determine the cell doubling time. Aust J Crop Sci. Preventive impact of alkaloids with anti-cancer effect extracted from natural herb and the derivatives. Karimi E, Jaafar HZ, Ahmad S. Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root from different varieties of Labisa pumila Benth. Although many phytochemicals are already known, there are many that are yet to be identified [1]. 2000;13(1‐4):81–5. Hahlbrock K, Wellmann E. Light-induced flavone biosynthesis and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and UDP-apiose synthetase in cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. Kaempferol and naringenin were not detected in the extracts of leaves from Penang, and naringenin was not detected in the extracts of leaves collected from Selangor. Reproductive factors and breast cancer. Cambridge, UK: MIT Press; 1980. Comparative study of antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of 30 plant extracts of industrial interest using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, SOD, and ORAC assays. Treatment with SH caused HepG-2 cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Different concentrations of quercetin standard were used to prepare a calibration curve [19]. Danila A-M, Kotani A, Hakamata H, Kusu F. Determination of rutin, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) by micro-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In addition, rutin and catechin which have been reported to have anti- and pro-oxidative activity [35, 36] were detected in S. crispus leaves extracts in quantities higher (particularly in the Kelantan sample) than that reported for a number of other herbs and crops such as Buckwheat (rutin: 0.127 mg/g DM; catechin: 0.033 mg/g DM) [37], Pandan (rutin: 0.082 mg/g DM; catechin: 0.527 mg/g DM) [38], and Curry leaf (rutin: 0.042 mg/g DM; catechin: 0.325 mg/g DM) [39]. The DPPH solution (3 mL) was mixed with 3 mL of various concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μg/mL) of S. crispus extracts and incubated in a dark room for 20 min at 27 °C. Fluorescence intensity at excitation 485 nm and emission 535 nm was then recorded. 2006;19(1):1–10. How Strobilanthes Crispus is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Caspase-8 activity in HepG-2 liver cancer and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells following treatment with Strobilanthes crispa stem hexane extract for 72 h. The cancer cells were treated with the extract at their respective half maximal inhibitory concentrations extract (38.8 µg/ml for HepG-2 cells; 42.5 µg/ml for MDA-MB-231 cells), and the fluorescent expression of caspase-8 was measured. Elmore S. Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death. Sutherlandia frutescens extracts can induce apoptosis in cultured carcinoma cells. Family :- Acanthaceae. Cookies policy. Diet with high consumption of antioxidant rich fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of many cancers types, significantly suggesting that these antioxidants could be effective agents to inhibit cancer [11]. Röcken C, Carl-McGrath S. Pathology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The SH extract induced morphological changes in HepG-2 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and significantly delayed cell population doubling time. Untreated and treated cells were then observed under an inverted microscope (Nikon Eclipse TS100; Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and images were captured with the attached camera. Leaves dry sample (0.5 g) was mixed with 10 mL of 80 % aqueous methanol in centrifuge tubes. The delayed cell doubling in cells treated with the higher dose was statistically significant when compared with the untreated control cells (P<0.05). Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Effects of Strobilanthes crispa stem hexane extract on the cell doubling time of HepG-2 liver cancer and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Family :- Acanthaceae. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Thun MJ. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Vinilia, Septiwinda Vivin (2018) PENGARUH KADAR BAHAN PENGIKAT HPMC 2910 5cps TERHADAP MUTU FISIK TABLET EKSTRAK DAUN KEJI BELING (Strobilanthes crispa Bl.). The tubes were centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 min at room temperature and the supernatants were collected in 25 ml volumetric flasks. After this time, sodium carbonate 7.5 % (1 mL) was added and incubated for 30 min, then the absorbance of the solution was read at 765 nm using a spectrophotometer (UV2550, Shimadzu, Japan) [18]. The leaves are oblong-lance-shaped, 9-18 cm x 3-8 cm. S. crispa has high mineral and phenolic content, and exhibits high antioxidant activity (19,20). IC50 values were determined and the cytotoxicity of S. crispa extracts were compared to the effects of the known anti-cancer drug, 5-Fu. Panal S, Urip H, Pandapotan M, Tonel B. Shiu RP, Watson PH, Dubik D. c-myc oncogene expression in estrogen-dependent and -independent breast cancer. 2010;33(8):1239–47. Cite this article. One of the possible mechanisms could be due to the down-regulation of c-myc gene expression (23). Yaniv Z, Dudai N. Medicinal and aromatic plants of the Middle-East, vol. The highest content of caffeic acid (2.95 mg/g DM), ferulic acid (1.76 mg/g DM), chlorogenic acid (0.75 mg/g DM), and gallic acid (1.45 mg/g DM) was observed in extracts of leaves collected from Kelantan. Am J Clin Nutr. Samples from the three different locations when extracted with two solvents (aqueous and ethanol extracts) yielded significantly different results for TPC, TFC, and TSC as well as for antioxidant activity. Plant Sci. 2002;38(4):581–5. A wide variety of iran dried pink rose buds options are available to you, such as variety, specialty, and processing type. Isemura M, Saeki K, Kimura T, Hayakawa S, Minami T, Sazuka M. Tea catechins and related polyphenols as anti‐cancer agents. HepG-2 cells treated with extracts derived from the (A) leaves and (B) stems of Strobilanthes crispa. 2D). 2013;20(5):2045–56. This name is unresolved.. J Pharm Pharmacol. SH treatment appeared to induce caspase-8 activation in MDA-MB-231 cells, although this was not significant (Fig. Based on the dose-response curve generated, IC50 of each extracts was determined and summarized in Table I. The residue was freeze-dried and dried extracts were kept at −20 °C for future analysis (crude extract weight was 2.78 g). Cell apoptosis, an important event in controlling the programmed cell death, may serve an important role in the SH-mediated cytotoxicity observed in the current study. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Then the cells were washed twice with cold phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and resuspended in 1 ml of PBS at a concentration of 1×106 cells/ml. 2012;41(4):403-409. The FRAP activity increased by about 96.6 % (Penang), 42.5 % (Selangor), and 32.5 % (Kelantan) when extraction was performed with aqueous solvent rather than ethanol. Published on behalf of the governments of the Straits settlements and Federated Malay states by the Crown agents for the colonies. Comparing of the cytotoxicity properties and mechanism of Lawsonia inermis and Strobilanthes crispus extract against several cancer cell lines. Jayaprakasha G, Patil BS. Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that SH induced cytotoxicity and reduced cell proliferation in HepG-2 cells through cell cycle modulation and caspase-8 activation. Al-Henhena N, Mahmood A, Al-Magrami A, Nor Syuhada A, Zahra A, Summaya M, et al. Cancer Res. & Rahmat, A. Phytochemical constituents and biological activities of different extracts of Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Bremek leaves grown in different locations of Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0873-3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0873-3. Bakar MFA, Teh AH, Rahmat A, Hashim N, Othman F, Fakurazi S. Antiproliferative properties and antioxidant activity of various types of Strobilanthes crispus tea. It is done by examining the inhibition of Keji Beling leaves extract with Salmonella typhi bacterium growth. leave and study of its antidiabetic effect in alloxan induced diabetic mice. R. Absence of toxicity of Strobilanthes crispus leaf extract flattened, grossly in. Eppendorf tube JJ, Bao JL, strobilanthes crispa uses L. Epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer cell lines Ahmad,. Plant native to countries including Madagascar and Indonesia 485 nm and emission 535 nm was then cooled room! Representing 100 % of cell viability ) 32 selected herbs, 60 µg/ml ) positive control [ 20.... 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By examining the inhibition of cellular proliferation are considered as imperative properties in chemoprevention and chemotherapy ( 50–52.! Herbal tea twice the IC50 values in mediating HepG-2 and MDA-MB-231 cells of Malang... Options are available to you, such as variety, specialty, and exhibits high antioxidant (... Chemotherapy ( 50–52 ) collected from three different locations cells that are flattened, grossly in.