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The film tells how even as chattel slavery came to an end in 1865, thousands of African Americans were pulled back into . 2. As Ive traveled, discussing the book and meeting readers, a stream of African-Americans have related to me how the book made them reassess their own family histories, said Blackmon. An examination of peonage in particular demonstrates the deep racial, cultural, and geographic divide that characterizes the United States of America. Douglas A. Blackmon is the Atlanta Bureau Chief of the Wall Street Journal. After emancipation, industrialists replaced slaves with convicts, acquiring thousands from state and county governments. Email: zep@zinnedproject.org, Web design and development by new target, inc, Everyone knows the name of Christopher Columbus, but how many of us can name a, With the release of the Universal Pictures film, The Lorax, based on Dr. Seusss classic, While womens history should be taught all year, we can use this month to examine, What a timely and important film this is. W.E.B. September 28, 2007 Slavery by Another Name By Kathleen Parker. Last Updated: April 15, 2022. facebook sharing. 6-9. The basis for the modern Caribbean dates back to the slave trade and slavery. He experienced some of the some of that period of time in which you had huge numbers of black people who voted. Learn more in the Zinn Education Projectnational report, Erasing the Black Freedom Struggle: How State Standards Fail to Teach the Truth About Reconstruction, and find teaching resources on Reconstruction below. According to the Concise Oxford English Dictionary, a slave is a 'person who is the legal property of another or others and is bound to absolute obedience' (Blackburn 262). During the 16th century, outsiders settled in the Caribbean. (1904). Week 14: Uneven Development in the Industrial World Bridging World History: Units 25 and 26 Have read: Bales and Ron Soodalter, The Slave Next Door, chs. About Slavery By Another Name. A form of government may be radically changed and laws easily enacted without modifying for a long period thereafter the social customs, the habits of thought, the feelings, in other words the genius, of a people." It's a story of terrible things done by Americans to other Americans. The label creates a personal identity, and a sense of belonging to a deviant subculture. Slavery by Another Name: Directed by Sam Pollard. But beginning 20, 25 years, depending on the place, after the Civil War, a whole new regime of involuntary servitude began to be put in place all across the South, and hundreds of thousands of people were catastrophically affected. Copyright 2023 Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), all rights reserved. Peonage impacted the ways otherwise well-meaning whites viewed blacks. Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window). It is apparent that not all of the American citizens are aware of the issues, which are discussed in the film, and these stories have to be presented to cultivate the importance of tolerance, freedoms, and the recognition of rights in the modern society. ""Slavery by Another Name" Documentary." . When the dominant culture (of presumably law-abiding citizens) refuses to welcome the outsider or Other, the subculture strengthens and flourishes. Local law enforcement officers cited regulations against vagrancy, loitering, or walking near railroads to arrest, incarcerate, and sentence African American men to work as forced convict laborers in factories, mines, and farms. endobj Lastly, it remains evident Slavery by Another Name has a vehement association with the course, as it covers the most important aspects related to the history of the United States of America and African-American studies. "Slavery by Another Name" challenges one of our country's most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery ended with Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of . It was as if the only way to extricate slavery from the system was all-out revolution. A national film Project by the National Endowment for the Humanities, http://www.slaverybyanothername.com/pbs-film/, Programming Resources & Curriculum Materials. CG# y|(Mk[5)@'frLJipb)YL#e8ahqKEl_VCLSj6,3p75^-_K8dS*=!Iq}! r>I`z +S$8rtrOO.V=rz[ Association of blacks with criminality <> (bKis]E[0Frf8s8uV:DF6xtV&F1h^1KjaZ6\X%X&iQ::=~Rhn~XozZArBoPz^~][V+C8h\n/0/s,RdqT'ezQ4kyw|\f*]>o9jn!N,&;r~l!YjTa]:VXfg]5eos[#]PTQl~Y^]*d[6z~3*''7!?7WSi{5mE`]\]Yu,Fhs(lkN`hCqZ8x]mzI?a'" l?iVNE8*"Jb\,`,P"hEI(5sVH@ .YE!_'8 |p2r@8*,#`~2e>@YkL0 PBS bases its Slavery by Another Name documentary on the Pulitzer Prize-winning book by the same name. Kellogg Foundation, The Coca-Cola Company and CPB/PBS Diversity & Innovation Fund. During the. What was the southern response to radical reconstruction? At paperdue.com, we provide students the tools they need to streamline their studying, researching, and writing tasks. IvyPanda. P7tcj=.'XxB'1-*2}pCGF}n|"Vc*B"?0TMi!d^J8VX\*_V[,!#o$hIG^eQ|I#xP]z"d'.[ {9z@n80-ZaK9RmX=MX?P/cHFx+u5h: 'XrQfxo.j Z.P\8 Slavery By Another Name challenges one of America's most cherished assumptions - the belief that slavery in the US ended with Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation - by telling the harrowing story of how in the South, a new system of involuntary servitude took its place with shocking force slaverycivil warbased on bookamerican history %PDF-1.5 2012. 2023. b. telegraph And this is why people like Milner wanted prisoners in his coal mines. professional specifically for you? 1930s, when a white man was severely whipped. (Book) Average Rating. After the Civil War, slavery persisted in the form of convict leasing, a system in which Southern states leased prisoners to private railways, mines, and large plantations. Arlington: PBS. endstream endobj startxref DuBois and other early 20th century thinkers helped to provide a framework for change, but it would take generations to those changes to manifest. Slavery by Another Name explores new forms of de facto slavery after the Civil War.MoreMore. IvyPanda. Xtgf+@ *4hsRxJFB;t:gRJw;6 Prod. Slavery by Another Name challenges one of our countrys most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery ended with Abraham Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. Introduction by Cornel West. These men were at the behest of their new masters and bought and sold on a whim. IvyPanda. Instead, slavery began to recede meaningfully more like 50 or 60 years ago. Please check your inbox to confirm. 3. belief that Emancipation was a mistake - lost cause Chesnutt, C.W. A lot of the things that kept people in control under slavery are amplified under this convict system. A documentary that recounts the many ways in which American slavery persisted as a practice many decades after its supposed abolition. The documentary adds a visual dimension to the harrowing imagery Douglas A. Blackmon writes about in his book. Slavery by Another Name. It is not just obvious in terms of 20/20 hindsight historical vision; the problem was immediately apparent to all who cared to see. (2012). "Slavery by Another Name," based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning book of the same name, tells the story of the thousands of African-Americans who were arrested on trumped-up charges and forced to work as convict labor. The film tells how even as chattel slavery came to an end in 1865, thousands of African Americans were pulled back into forced labor with shocking force and brutality. <> . Firstly, the movie portrays the devastating truth about the active usage of forced labor and slavery by governmental and social services until the Second World War (Slavery by Another Name). The American penal system seems to be set up in the same way it was during the time of peonage. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. Slavery by Another Name. Having had enough deception, the African-American community evolved into an oppositional culture by nature. Given the problems associated with peonage, Black Codes, convict leasing, and other, References So, whether it was the sharecropping, in which people were tied to the land by debt, or whether it was peonage, or whether it was convict leasing, this had a long-term effect that affected the entire American economy, or just African-Americans? The program also features interviews with Douglas Blackmon and with leading scholars of this period. All Rights Reserved. Green Cottenham was the son of two former slaves in Alabama. Accumulated 15,000 by 1886 In order to pay off the loan, the person was forced into a contract "to work for him without pay until the debt was paid off," (Wagner, 2012, p. 3). Slavery by Another Name is a ninety-minute documentary that challenges one of America's most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery in this country ended with the Emancipation Proclamation. The privatization of the American prison system is one of the most obvious vestiges of convict leasing as being part of peonage. We would leave the cells around 3:00 a.m. and return at 8:00 p.m., going the distance of three miles through rain or snow. Available on PBS Video. In Voice of the Negro, 1 (Sept. 1904): 394-97 Lincoln along with other political heavyweights were more interested in appeasing the South and various efforts were made to please the Southern elite since secession was an imminent possibility. This paper examines the ways in which these three systems continue to affect the lives of people today, even (as in the case of American slavery) the system itself, Slavery in the New World Furthermore, the entire structure of a white-topped hierarchy with a black "deviant" subordinate culture created long-lasting resentments. The scams seem obvious in retrospect, and it is unfathomable that racism would be so completely and inextricably embedded in the American political system. When the dominant culture (of presumably law-abiding citizens) refuses to welcome the outsider or Other, the subculture strengthens and flourishes. As it was mentioned earlier, Slavery by Another Name is displayed in the form of the documentary while focusing on the critical points of the history related to the continuation of slavery (Slavery by Another Name). Film. Samuel D. Pollard, the director of this historical documentary, may also be known for his work on "Eyes on the Prize" and " 4 Little Girls .". Nonetheless, it follows the historical flow of events while supporting the facts with the images from real life. This was not a matter of the South acting in a rogue way; this represented the absolute complicity of the federal government in allowing the system of peonage to continue. SLAVERY BY ANOTHER NAME is a 90-minute documentary that challenges one of Americans' most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery in this country ended with the Emancipation Proclamation. 2. Slavery by Another Name, a documentary film based on Douglas A. Blackmon's Pulitzer Prize-winning book, turns that belief on its head. Peonage evolved into a Jim Crow culture in the South, which would be challenged in the middle of the 20th century. MARY ELLEN CURTIN, historian: You can't drive free labor the same way that you can force prisoners to mine five tons of coal a day. They tried to find ways to bypass the laws that have been passed the . "Slavery by Another Name" Documentary. This shows that like German citizens during the Nazi era, many Americans stood by and watched while their neighbors were tortured, beaten, killed, and oppressed. Not just a black history story, but an American history story. Convict leasing in the days of peonage was a way Southern states and counties officially leased their convicts "to save money on prison construction and later to actually generate revenue," (Wagner, 2012, p. 2). It was a shocking reality that often went unacknowledged, then and now: A huge system of forced, unpaid labor, mostly affecting Southern black men, that lasted until World War II. A glass of water is on the desk along with a smartphone, pen and papers. Directed by Sam Pollard, produced by Catherine Allan and Douglas Blackmon and written by Sheila Curran-Bernard, "Slavery by Another Name" shines a light on the injustices occurring after African Americans were freed, specifically in the South. [Boston, MA] :PBS Distribution, 2012. But, instead, five months later, he died under horrible conditions in a coal mine outside of Birmingham owned by U.S. Steel Corporation. egregiousness of the violence and corruption of the system began to turn public. The Century of Warfare, acquired from the BBC. Based on the Pulitzer-Prize-winning book by Douglas Blackmon, Slavery By Another Name tells the stories of men, charged with crimes like vagrancy, and often guilty of nothing, who were bought and sold, abused, and subject to sometimes deadly working conditions as unpaid convict labor. 1. Retrieved online: http://www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/becker.htm Subscribe to Heres the Deal, our politics It was just named to the shortlist for an Oscar in the documentary category. ""Slavery by Another Name" Documentary." SLAVERY BY ANOTHER NAME is a 90-minute documentary that challenges one of Americans' most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery in this country ended with the Emancipation Proclamation. Southern industrial expansion Much of the South was built on forced Black labor after slavery was declared. U0698940. Your email address will not be published. Or we are tainted by the failures of our . The label creates a personal identity, and a sense of belonging to a deviant subculture. And through most of the period of time that this was happening, these forced labor camps tended to be 80 or 90 percent African-Americans. The PBS documentary Slavery by Another Name examines the perpetuation of slavery under the guise of the peonage system. Slavery in the United States, apartheid in South Africa, and the Indian caste system are now all illegal. Then they read the book and realized that in fact the old stories are very likely to be truethat thousands of people were living in a state of involuntary servitude well into the lives of millions of Americans who are still alive today.. 1. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. One vestige of the peonage system was the Black Codes, which delimited the social, economic, and political behaviors of African-Americans. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson? Retrieved online: http://www.zap2it.com/news/zap-slavery-name-story,0,7916225.story Copy each sentence. It didn't just injure black people. After all, Johnson was a Southern Democrat with cultural and political ties to the region. Given the problems associated with peonage, Black Codes, convict leasing, and other, Peonage impacted the ways otherwise well-meaning whites viewed blacks. Slavery But first, we need you to sign in to PBS using one of the services below. About Slavery by Another Name in the Classroom To increase the opportunities for young people to learn, interact, and engage around the . But by the time Green Cottenham grew to adulthood in the first years of the 20th century, this whole new regime of laws had been put in place that essentially turned the American justice system on its head. Convict leasing in the days of peonage was a way Southern states and counties officially leased their convicts "to save money on prison construction and later to actually generate revenue," (Wagner, 2012, p. 2). 3 0 obj 4 SLAVERY BY ANOTHER NAME The camp had supplied tens of thousands of men over five decades to a suc cession of prison mines ultimately purchased by U.S. Steel in 1907. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The documentary "Slavery by Another Name," financed in part by the National Endowment of the Humanities, estimates that 800,000 faced the corrupt justice system with "huge numbers of those . *Not Affiliated, Sponsored or Endorsed by any University. The documentary recounts how in the years following the Civil War, insidious new forms of forced labor emerged in the American South, keeping hundreds of thousands of African Americans in bondage, trapping them in a brutal system that would persist until the onset of World War II. It also incorporates interviews with people living today, including several African American descendants of victims of forced labor who discovered their connection to this history after reading Blackmons book. 157 0 obj <> endobj x[mo6 ZEI6nPlAQ[-,9iP(S2g8<3dxJF\\L/&1Z>{yQMQx-R$N3)\O@N(pT+g?FrEG't\.E:qP|b Gj{~w X07~Z+=|%7Bw\W}I^>TDqG_.\h |=NFobM\7Yk1F_j "Q9]Q When we talk about institutionalized racism, we need only to look at Black Codes and the peonage system that preceded them to understand how racism becomes embedded in a dysfunctional culture. In a multi-step approach this work aims to present a new composition of perspectives on responsible business. Apart from mistreatment and displacing native Americans, they enslaved millions of Africans, which is one of the worst mistake which has ever happens in the history of, Slavery in the Caribbean: Effects on Culture, Race and Labour Founded by John T. Milner August 29, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/slavery-by-another-name-documentary/. Because they were put through the criminal justice system, African-Americans were collectively viewed as being dangerous criminals. 336 pages. 3 star. 3. limestone, coal, iron - all ingredients for steel - four tons per day We have overcome a lot. A production of TPT National Productions in association with Two Dollars & A Dream, Inc. Co-Executive Producer Douglas A. Blackmon. )`Ojy(a)*."2^)'7idYE And it became an instrument of injustice, instead of a system of justice. Calls for continued subjugation were met by the sensitive, sane, and spiritually patient response of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The 90-minute documentary goes back in time to explain that while slavery was ending in the South in 1865, thousands of people of color were forcefully pulled into forced labor. African-Americans had few role models or community leaders to help them organize in order to overcome. Search metadata Search text contents Search TV news captions Search radio transcripts Search archived web sites Advanced Search. wf^u*`9qh9O5}wDQfZf,QYo^' L6 zQb*SY7%FBa`fo8e>GX+Q6 [^u Well, we did know it at the time. How did privateers sustain involuntary servitude? documentary since the publication of the rst edition: the ascendance of the podcast; greater cultural, racial, and topical variety; and the changing economics of radio itself. In the end, it could be said that the examples and stories presented in the film affect the understanding of the importance of the topic related to slavery positively while depicting the involvement of the government in the illegal slave trade while changing the perception of the issue, and this matter is the primary rationale for the selection of the movie in the context of the course. A labor uprising to protest convict leasing led to the Coal Creek War. So for various political and. Year. And he didn't have to worry about labor disputes. And in the first years after the Civil War, African-Americans, the formerly enslaved African- Americans, did experience a period of authentic freedom and citizenship. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. New Search . This immense system of forced, unpaid labor was a shocking reality that has often gone unacknowledged. What are some of the other forms of slavery by another name? Yet in spite of the great strides, vestiges of peonage remain in concrete and highly visible ways. And there were rafts of laws that effectively criminalized black life. A 'liberated' individual possesses all the freedom to enjoy basic human rights of citizenship, profession choice and lifestyle. Slavery by Another Name (PBS Documentary 2012).mp4-SD on Vimeo Slavery by Another Name (PBS Documentary 2012).mp4-SD Not Yet Rated 6 years ago GCSEHISTORYFILES Upload, livestream, and create your own videos, all in HD. Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II is a book by American writer Douglas A. Blackmon, published by Anchor Books in 2008. Citation formats are based on standards as of July 2022. 3. Characters who are always in need of discrediting the United State and to oppose its role as pre-eminent and most powerful force for goodness, human dignity and freedom focus on bloody past of America as a slave holding nation. Explain some of the aspects of convict labor in the mines? In other words, the emancipation of the slaves and a few constitutional amendments were not going to cut it. African-Americans understandably did not trust whites. Slavery by Another Name. Using archival photographs and dramatic re-enactments filmed on location in Alabama and Georgia, it tells the forgotten stories of both victims and perpetrators of neoslavery and includes interviews with their descendants living today. Based on the information provided above, the core clues, which define the selected audience, are related to Slavery by Another Names narrative and its ability to explain the situation profoundly with the examples from history while using understandable language. While states profited, prisoners earned no pay and faced inhumane, dangerous, and often deadly work conditions. The emancipation of slaves did not lead to the dismantling of the underlying structures of slavery. What are three important things that occur in 1908? x[_o8/GP+(R0n>k+[YKNofHI;q73}W=E~uy)wKXjv5],2p?d4|{&d'U S&db&1z/lw IV/O:Rg.u>/>|B>X9dJe c {w$!XaRIFd_! Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors. Although it's not necessary to watch the full documentary in order to teach its history in the classroom, we do recommend viewing the film prior to introducing (2012). This documentary tells a harrowing story of how in the South, even as chattel slavery came to an end, new forms of involuntary . Paperdue.com uses cookies to offer you the best service. And the film makes. It injured the whole country, because we deprived ourselves of the talent, and energy, and ambition, and abilities of this huge population of people that was getting bigger and bigger all the time. 2 0 obj Behind Steve is part of The Agenda logo, a lowercase a. ___________ A predecessor of the telephone That led to some reforms. By Michelle Alexander. WWII - threat of Japanese invasion and recruitment of African Americans In reality, the majority of African-Americans remained enslaved in order to pay off false debts. Need a custom Essay sample written from scratch by In twenty-four essays total, documentary artists tell--and demonstrate, through stories and transcripts--how they make radio the way they do, and why. James Herriots adventures as a veterinarian in 1930s Yorkshire get a new TV adaptation. Chain gangs emerged in the south to build roads. Thus, peonage had a long list of lingering effects, most of which are evident still in the 21st century. February 13, 2012 8:31 AM. Challenging the idea that slavery in the US ended with the Emancipation Proclamation, this documentary recounts how following the Civil War new forms of forced labor emerged, trapping hundreds of thousands of African Americans in a brutal system. What are the two loopholes in the 13th Amendment? It allows slavery under imprisonment Additional funding by Georgia-Pacific, KeyBank Foundation and Merck. 2012. Copyright 2023 . Based on the Pulitzer-Prize-winning book by Douglas Blackmon, Slavery By Another Name tells the stories of men, charged with crimes like vagrancy, and often guilty of nothing, who were bought and sold, abused, and subject to sometimes deadly working conditions as unpaid convict labor. Federal Court sanctioned segregation. Aguirre, the Wrath of God. Cutler, J. Ex. Directed by Sam Pollard, produced by Catherine Allan and Douglas Blackmon, written by Sheila Curran Bernard, based on the 2009 Pulitzer Prize-winning book by Blackmon. Furthermore, the entire structure of a white-topped hierarchy with a black "deviant" subordinate culture created long-lasting resentments. The Black Nationalism movement was a cohesive response to systematic oppression, and negative responses to Black Nationalism and Black Power prove that whites had no idea of the extent to which they had created a chasm in America. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/slavery-by-another-name-documentary/. 3. FSU Criminology. He was immediately sold to a coal mine on the outskirts of Birmingham to a company that was then going to pay his fines off one month at a time. Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II Hardcover - March 25, 2008 by Douglas A. Blackmon (Author) 2,141 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $12.99 Read with Our Free App Audiobook $0.00 Free with your Audible trial Hardcover $55.50 18 Used from $19.53 4 New from $86.01 Paperback To describe the conditions in a coal mine at this time, to say that they're primitive, you can't even imagine it. The Caribbean slavery began in the 16th and 17th century during the emergence of piracy. However, one important vestige of peony was that the system inherently prevented African-Americans from organizing and creating a cohesive community. from the book jacket. 5. I would be right there to see him put on . You make the argument that slavery didn't end in 1863, when the Emancipation Proclamation was signed, not in 1865, when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, but 1942. African-Americans haven't had that long opportunity to recover from all the terrible damage of slavery. Slavery by Another Name discusses the critical points related to the history of the United States of America and determines its crucial correlation to the African-American studies. The Slavery by Another Name documentary will tell a sweeping story, spanning six decades. c. DVD When we talk about institutionalized racism, we need only to look at Black Codes and the peonage system that preceded them to understand how racism becomes embedded in a dysfunctional culture. R_zu $9nNmdmt+$(0 a;91Pg]pk0QnkO94BcOUQ&m; `20ej[EwdkJy0g0v{o5AD+YE( RSC}Lc Grew out of the expansion of the railroad As Cutler (2012) points out by citing the producer of the PBS documentary Slavery by Another Name, "vestiges remain, the industrial prison complexeven when you go to the South today, you go down to Alabama and Mississippiit's apparent." And that's all the difference in the world. All Rights Reserved. August 29, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/slavery-by-another-name-documentary/. Slavery stream No, this is a huge drag on all of American life. Having had enough deception, the African-American community evolved into an oppositional culture by nature. Sam Pollard. Because they were put through the criminal justice system, African-Americans were collectively viewed as being dangerous criminals. He was arrested on a charge of vagrancy. Adjust the colors to reduce glare and give your eyes a break. podcast transcripts and podcast transcription services. 20 Up-and-Comers to Watch in the Slavery By Another Name Documentary Transcript Industry And that's what had happened to Green Cottenham. 90 minutes. How did convict leasing start to come to an end? By creating an account, you acknowledge that PBS may share your information with our member stations and our respective service providers, and that you have read and understand the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. L.`> o yw g`qzRD- Y\ |sd`q@?26 )7Lb zKI Established in Alabama Chestnut (1904) was already keenly aware that peony was slavery by another name: "Under the renting system, the crop mortgage laws leave the laborer but little more than a slave to the soil, while at the worst the Southern labor system presents peonage, or the new slavery." About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . (1) 4 star. Meanwhile, the governmental entities could not afford to have an increased amount of black prisoners and utilized them as forced and illegal labor to pay back the debt (Slavery by Another Name). And . )B SHBgc4qTpzz|,X5xm={|m/QR3=wdU}s{H.P[KpT8#X ;M=Tf7Gt.Cd3]r,\";f-myBUxI+B3=32 t'br/M} 1mSn(r_u9>x/llO>*KVx%(H/)hhTCs{ 3 The American penal system seems to be set up in the same way it was during the time of peonage. The NEH Created Equalproject uses the power of documentary films to encourage public conversations about the changing meanings of freedom and equality in America. Documentary 2012. - The Power of the Individual student. PO Box 73038 Washington, D.C. 20056 Choose the answer that best describes the action or situation. Well, you make an interesting point in the book and in the documentary that, economically, it made more sense to protect slaves than it did to protect the lives of people who were convict laborers or people who were under peonage, it was called?