Melanotic macules are benign pigmented lesions that are found in the oral cavity, caused by an increase in pigmentation in the basal cell layer of the epithelium and the lamina propria. Melanin is a normal skin pigment that gives the skin its darker color. Author: Dr Mark Duffill, Dermatologist, Hamilton, New Zealand, 2008. Lichen sclerosis – a skin disease which is characterized by white patches while are usually thinner than normal skin Some linked genetic disorders may include: 1. If the melanotic macule is removed it can create a small scar or depression in the tissue which may or may not be noticeable. Objective: Our purpose was to define the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and electronmicroscopic features of genital melanotic macules. If you have any concerns with your skin or its treatment, see a dermatologist for advice. However it may also occur in dark-skinned individuals and, as described above, similar lesions can arise in sites that are never sun-exposed. Home Labial melanotic macule causes Labial melanotic macule is thought to be provoked by sun exposure, and it is more common in fair skinned people. Some of the rare genetic disorders associated with this condition include the following: 1. Luckily, melanoma is very rare on the lip (but it can occur). The mucosal melanotic macule is a variant of simple lentigo that is located on mucosal surfaces, in particular the lower lip. Histologically, this is evidenced by abundant melanin pigmentation within the basal epithelial cell layer with melanin incontinence in … If you have any concerns with your skin or its treatment, see a dermatologist for advice. It is also sometimes called a labial lentigo and when multiple lesions are present, mucosal melanosis. See smartphone apps to check your skin. If a person decides that they do want them removed this can be done by: Pictures collection of the condition Melanotic Macule…, 35 Most Frequently Asked Questions About Coronavirus (COVID-19) – (with references). Oral melanoacanthoma and oral melanotic macule: a report of 8 cases, review of the literature, and immunohistochemical analysis Román Carlos-Bregni 1 , Elisa Contreras 1 , Ana Carolina Netto , Adalberto Mosqueda-Taylor 2 , Pablo Agustin Vargas 3 , Jacks In the literature, the oral melanotic macule has been given various inappropriate and erroneous names, such as ephelis5,6 and lentigo7,8. 7,8 This dark area could be a melanotic macule, which is a noncancerous dark patch on the skin — called hyperpigmentation — of a mucous membrane. Melanotic macule may be indicative of preexisting disorders such as Addison’s disease; Treatment of melanotic macule. What causes an oral melanotic macule? Melanotic macules are caused by functional hyperactivity of the regional melanocytes (ie, there is increased melanin production). If treatment is requested the macules can be frozen (cryotherapy) or removed using a laser or intense pulsed light. Conditions that are likely to cause macules are: vitiligo; moles; freckles Once developed the lesions usually remain unchanged in size and colour. Congenital lingual melanotic macules represent a clinically distinct and benign cause of hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa. A melanotic macule is normally benign, which means it is not cancerous. Oral melanotic macules can appear in people of any age, of any race, and of either sex. Some of the possible causes of Hypermelanotic macule or similar disorders may include: 2. Multiple lesions may be a sign of a widespread skin condition, such as: A labial melanotic macule has a characteristic pattern when examined with the magnifying glass or by dermoscopy. Oral melanotic macule and primary oral malignant melanoma: epidemiology, location involved, and clinical implications. Although it can appear at any age in either sex, race, or gender, it is most commonly found in people who are dark skinned and in their middle ages and are female. But before we proceed, we have to acknowledge that this condition is not related to systemic diseases or sunlight. Genetic disorders 2. If a child has one it is usually because of their race. We have followed up these patients for up to 13 years and 3 months (mean 6 years, 3 months). There are two major linked conditions. A melanotic macule is a benign pigmented lesion of oral cavity characterised by increase in melanin pigmentation. This medical condition is a dark spot that is usually found on your lips, usually the bottom one but can appear on the top lip also. They may be more common than the literature suggests, especially among dark-skinned subjects. Contact us to sponsor a DermNet newsletter. Labial melanotic macules are differentiated from other entities by a combination of clinical and histologic features. It can even be found on the inside of your mouth, gums, called gingiva, the roof your mouth on the soft or hard palate, or inner cheek called buccal mucosa. H Arch Dermatol. Luckily, melanotic macules are harmless. Oral melanotic macule is a non-cancerous (benign), dark spot found on the lips or inside the mouth. A labial melanotic macule may be confused with another pigmented skin lesion. Having a melanotic macule does not cause any symptoms but when you see one it is usually smaller than seven millimeters in diameter. Last reviewed by Dr. Raj MD on August 14th, 2018. Clinical and dermatoscopic features of labial melanotic macule. A labial melanotic macule is a well-defined, oval, brown to black, flat patch on the central third of the lower lip. Excision but using this form of removal will leave you a scar. A response to environmental stress such as persistent exposure to the sun, smoking, or taking a medication that can cause your skin to darken or spot, called, It could be an indicator of an underlying medical condition like. Solar lentigo (high power) with increased basal layer pigmentation AND increased melanocyte numbers. Similar freckles may also occur in areas that are not exposed to the sun: Labial melanotic macules do not cause any symptoms but their appearance can be a concern to the patient. These are Genetic disorders and Lichen sclerosis. The melanosis may occur on the vermilion border of the lip or the gingiva due to postinflammatory or posttraumatic causes. The lesions will usually appear as a flat non-itchy rash on the lip with a color that is uniform and has a border that is well-defined. Lesions can also be found in the mouth (oral melanotic macule), on the vulva (vulval labial melanotic macule; vulval melanosis) or on the penis (penile melanotic macule). Typical lesions can just be observed. Oral melanotic macule (MM) is a small, well-circumscribed, brown-to-black macule, and about of 665 cases has been reported in the English literature (2). Mucosal melanotic macule is a broader term encompassing lesions of the mouth as well as the lip. To make sure what type of treatment is needed, if any, they will usually do a skin biopsy to confirm if it is melanotic macule or another medical condition that could be precancerous or cancerous. When numerous macules are observed, they may be found in association with certain genetic conditions or syndromes. The color of the lesion is normally darker than the tissue that surrounds it. Clinically presentation of melanotic macules are typically a brown, black, blue or grey area that is well circumscribed, lesions are usually less than 10 mm in diameter but can be larger in some cases. Ephelis (freckle) is a circumscribed brown macule over skin that has been exposed to sunlight. DermNet NZ does not provide an online consultation service. A dermatologist can evaluate a melanotic macule to determine if it poses any health risks to the patient. Conclusion: The congenital lingual melanotic macule represents a clinically distinct, benign, pigmented oral melanoticlesion,andmaybemorecommonthanthelit-erature suggests. The labial melanotic macule: a review of 79 cases. It occurs in approximately three percent of the population of the world. HYPERPIGMENTED lesions involving the oral mucosa have various pathogenetic causes. Melanotic macule is a harmless benign condition. Intense pulsed light therapy which is a form of laser therapy. A labial melanotic macule is thought to be provoked by sun exposure, and it is more common in fair-skinned people. The most common lesions are oral The average age of presentation is 43 years, with a female predilection. However, we know that it is due to over-production and accumulation of melanin within the tissues. With your help, we can update and expand the website. This lesion is completely benign, but biopsy must be performed to differentiate it from melanoma. It may also arise on the gingival, buccal, or palatal mucosa. It is usually asymptomatic and does not cause any severe signs or symptoms. Their occurrence, usually as new pigmented lesions in adult life, can cause concern because they can mimic early melanoma. The exact cause of Melanotic Macules of Oral Mucosa is not well-understood. Diagnosis confirmation. Local irritants, such as smoking, may also result in melanosis of varying degrees. Some of those causes can include: Being born with one or having it appear in early childhood, which is common for people who have dark skin. Currently, there is no specific cause for this vulvar benign but there are some rarely linked factors. If it is irregular in shape or big it could be noticeable if removed. The presence of numerous melanotic macules on the body may be associated with a variety of syndromes including Carney complex, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and LEOPARD syndrome. A number of inherited diseases are manifested by pigmented oral lesions. Occasionally the lesion can be on the upper lip. Luckily, melanotic macules are harmless. A variation of the melanotic macule is the ephelis, or freckle, which generally appears as a small (2- to 3-mm) brown spot on the lip. Labial melanotic macule. Simple lentigo — Simple lentigines often appear during childhood as sharply circumscribed, round-to-oval, uniformly brown or … Peutz-Jeghers syndrome– a genetic disorder with benign hamartomatous polyps in the GI tract, lips and oral mucosa 3. 6 Biopsy for routine histopathologic examination is recommended to rule out oral melanoma in patients with melanotic macule on the palate, where malignant melanoma is most prevalent. Some of those causes can include: If the melanotic macule begins to change in texture, color, or shape it may be a cause for concern and should be check by either your physician or dermatologist. Melanotic Macule Causes There is a variety of causes for a person to have a melanotic macule. Brown macules on the lower lip are relatively common, especially in young adult women. [1] Oral pigmented lesions result from cellular hyperplasia that can range from benign nevi to fatal oral melanoma. Another name for this medical condition is labial melanotic macule and it is sometimes referred to as a freckle on the lip. There is a variety of causes for a person to have a melanotic macule. They can occasionally have an irregular edge and there may be a history of colour change which can cause confusion with other pigmented lesions, including melanoma. [Sponsored content]. [Congenital melanotic macules of the tongue] Melanotic macules usually arise from three sources: an intraoral freckle, postinflammatory pigmentation, or disorders such as Addison’s disease, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, or Laugier-Hunziker syndrome. Oral pigmentation is a relatively common condition that may involve any portion of the oral cavity. A melanotic macule is a small dark spot that is usually benign, but may be a cause for concern if it changes in color, shape, or texture. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.02.040. An oral melanotic macule found on the lip is sometimes called a labial melanotic macule. A mucosal melanocytic macule is a well-defined, oval, brown to black, flat patch, usually found on the lip (a labial melanocytic macule). It is suggested that the term oral melanotic macule be used for these lesions, unless a specific cause can be confirmed by clinical data. A labial melanotic macule is thought to be provoked by sun exposure, and it is more common in fair-skinned people. 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